2017年云南省农村水厂饮用水消毒现状调查

目的 了解云南省农村生活饮用水消毒状况，加强生活饮用水水质管理，为有针对性地改善供水条件和保证饮用水安全提供参考依据。方法 对2017年云南省129个县2 883个农村水厂消毒现状进行调查，按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》（GB/T5750 - 2006）采集水厂丰水期出厂水进行微生物指标（菌落总数和总大肠菌群）和与消毒方式相对应的消毒剂指标（二氧化氯或游离余氯）的检测。结果 调查的2 883个农村水厂中，有1 353个有消毒措施，占46.93%，使用比例较高的消毒剂为漂白粉（占69.99%，947/1 353）和液氯（占12.71%，172/1 353）。消毒剂余量合格率方面，大型集中式供水水厂（70.81%，131/185）高于小型集中式供水水厂（60.17%，695/1 155），合格率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 7.631，P＜0.01）；有卫生许可证的水厂（71.28%，201/282）高于无卫生许可证的水厂（59.07%，625/1 058），合格率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 14.022，P＜0.01）；微生物指标合格率方面，有消毒处理工艺的水厂（81.82%，1 107/1 353）与无消毒处理工艺的水厂（66.93%，1 024/1 530）差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 82.571，P＜0.01）。结论 云南省农村水厂使用的消毒剂以漂白粉为主；较大规模、具备卫生许可证的水厂消毒剂余量合格率显著高于较小规模、不具备卫生许可证的水厂；有消毒措施的水厂饮用水微生物指标合格率显著高于没有消毒设施的水厂。

Disinfection status of centralized water supply in rural areas of Yunnan Province

Objective To investigate the disinfection status of centralized water supply in rural areas of Yunnan province and strengthen the management of the quality of drinking water in centralized water supply units, so as to provide basis for the development of centralized water supply in rural areas. Methods In 2017，the status of water disinfection in 2883 rural centralized water supply projects in 129 counties (districts, cities) of Yunnan Province was investigated．According to the Standard Test Method for Drinking Water (GB/T5750=2006), the microbial indicators(total bacterial count，and total coli group) and disinfection index(free chlorine or chlorine dioxide) of samples of treated water were assayed. Results Among the 2883 centralized water supply projects，1353 were disinfected. The most widely used disinfectants were bleaching powder and liquid chlorine. Statistically significant difference was found in the conformity rates of the remainder of disinfectant in different scale water factories (χ2=7.631, P<0.01), and in water factories which have or have no hygienic license (χ2=14.022, P<0.01). Statistically significant difference was found in conformity rates of microbial indicators in water disinfected or not (χ2=82.571, P＜0.01). Conclusion The main disinfectant used in rural water plants in Yunnan is bleaching powder. The qualified rate of disinfectant residues in the large-scale water factories with hygienic license and disinfection measures is significantly higher than that in small-scale water factories with no hygienic license and disinfection measures.