贵州省15岁及以上人群正常高值血压状况及影响因素研究

目的　调查贵州省15岁及以上人群正常高值血压状况，分析正常血压发展为正常高值血压、正常高值血压发展为高血压的影响因素，为加强正常高值血压人群健康管理，降低新发高血压患者，促进社区高血压防治工作提供依据。方法　2014年9月—2015年10月选取贵州省15岁及以上常住人口，采用分层多阶段随机抽样，共抽取8个区/县、16个街道/乡镇、64个居民委员会/村民委员会进行调查，共发放问卷15 200份，回收有效问卷13 480份，有效回收率为88.68%。以访谈式问卷调查和体格检查收集资料，问卷内容包括性别、年龄、居住地、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、就业情况等基本人口学特征以及吸烟、饮酒等行为生活方式，体格检查包括身高、体质量、腰围及血压的测量。影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果　13 480人中正常血压组4 433人（32.89%），正常高值血压组5 592人（41.48%），高血压组3 455人（25.63%）。多因素Logistic回归模型结果显示性别、年龄、居住地、体质指数（BMI）、腰围是贵州省15岁以上人群正常血压发展为正常高值血压的影响因素（P<0.05）；年龄、居住地、文化程度、饮酒情况、BMI、腰围是贵州省15岁以上人群正常高值血压发展为高血压的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　贵州省15岁及以上人群中正常高值血压所占比例较大，性别、年龄、居住地、BMI、腰围是影响正常血压发展为正常高值血压的影响因素，年龄、居住地、文化程度、饮酒情况、BMI、腰围是影响正常高值血压发展为高血压的影响因素。

Status and Associated Factors of High-normal Blood Pressure in Populations Aged 15 and Over in Guizhou Province

Objective　To investigate the status of high-normal blood pressure（HNBP） in populations aged 15 and over in Guizhou Province，and to analyze the associated factors for the development from normal blood pressure to HNBP and from HNBP to hypertension，in order to provide a basis for strengthening the health management for HNBP populations，reducing the incidence of hypertension，and facilitating the community-based prevention and control of hypertension.Methods　This study was conducted from September 2014 to October 2015.Using stratified multistage random sampling，we selected 15 200 permanent residents aged 15 and over from 64 neighborhood（village） committees of 16 subdistricts（townships/towns） subordinated to 8 districts（counties） in Guizhou Province.We collected their basic demographic characteristics（sex，age，residence，ethnic group，educational level，marital status，employment status，prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption） through personal interview survey and obtained their data of height，weight，waist circumference and blood pressure by physical examination.The survey achieved a response rate of 88.68%（13 480/15 200）.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the associated factors for the development from normal blood pressure to HNBP and from HNBP to hypertension in these people.Results　Of the 13 480 final participants，4 433（32.89%） were found with normal blood pressure，5 592（41.48%） with HNBP，and 3 455（25.63%） with hypertension.The analysis using multivariate Logistic regression models revealed that sex，age，residence，BMI and waist circumference were the associated factors for the development from normal blood pressure to HNBP（P<0.05）；age，residence，education level，prevalence of alcohol consumption，BMI and waist circumference were the associated factors for the development from HNBP to hypertension（P<0.05）.Conclusion　HNBP is found in many of the people aged 15 and over in Guizhou Province.Sex，age，residence，BMI and waist circumference are the associated factors of the development from normal blood pressure to HNBP；age，residence，education level，prevalence of alcohol consumption，BMI and waist circumference are the associated factors for the development from HNBP to hypertension.