2017年北京市朝阳区78家住宿场所健康危害因素监测与分析

目的 了解北京市朝阳区住宿场所卫生状况，分析其主要卫生问题，为卫生部门日常监管提供依据。方法 于2017年5月 - 7月，在辖区内选取部分住宿场所，检测其公共用品消毒效果、客房内空气质量和淋浴热水中的嗜肺军团菌。结果 住宿场所936件公共用品中，细菌菌落总数的不合格率为4.49%，其中毛巾/浴巾类不合格率为10.80%，高于床上用品和杯具类的不合格率（P＜0.05），普通旅店不合格率高于连锁快捷酒店和星级酒店（P＜0.05）；大肠菌群不合格率0.21%；未检出金黄色葡萄球菌。156间客房空气质量中，甲醛不合格率较高，达到25.64%，CO、CO2、PM10、PM2.5、空气细菌菌落总数合格率均为100%。室内颗粒物浓度普遍低于室外，室内外颗粒物的相关性有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。156件客房淋浴热水中嗜肺军团菌的检出率为13.46%。结论 朝阳区住宿场所中，普通旅馆的公共用品和毛巾/浴巾类的公共用品细菌菌落总数不合格率较高、客房空气质量中甲醛超标率较高、部分客房淋浴热水中可检出嗜肺军团菌。

Monitoring and analysis of health hazards in 78 accommodation places in Chaoyang district of Beijing in 2017

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the health status of accommodation places in Chaoyang district, Beijing, to analyze the main health problems and to provide reasonable strategies for the daily supervision. Methods 78 accommodation places were selected. The disinfection effectiveness of public supplies, the air quality, and the Legionella pneumophila in the shower water were tested from May to July 2017. Results Among the 936 public supplies in the accommodation places, the unqualified rate of total bacterial colonies was 4.49%. And among them, the unqualified rate of towel/bath towel was 10.8%, which was higher than the unqualified rate of bedding and cup (P<0.05). The unqualified rate of total bacterial colonies in ordinary hotels was higher than the chain fast hotels and the star hotels (P<0.05). The unqualified rate of coliform group of public supplies was 0.21%, and Staphylococcus aurous was not detected. The unqualified rate of formaldehyde in the air of 156 guestrooms was high, with up to 25.64%. The qualified rates of CO, CO2, PM10, PM2.5, and total number of bacterial colonies in the air were 100%. The concentration of indoor particles was generally lower than that in the outdoor, and the correlation of indoor and outdoor particles was statistically significant (P<0.05). Legionella pneumophila was detected in the shower water of 156 guestrooms, and the detection rate was 13.46%. Conclusion The unqualified rate of total number of bacterial colonies of the public supplies was high in ordinary hotels and in towel/bath towel. The unqualified rate of formaldehyde in the air of accommodation places was also high. Legionella pneumophila could be detected in the shower water of the guestrooms.