2015年全国饮用水水质实验室质控考核结果分析

目的 促进水质实验室的检测能力建设，提高全国饮用水卫生监测水平。方法 按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》（GB/T 5750 - 2006）方法对氟化物、氯化物和铅进行检测， 31个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团的1907家疾病预防控制中心实验室参与质控考核，采用稳健（Robust）统计技术和Z比分数评价考核结果。结果 本次参与饮用水氟化物、氯化物和铅质控考核的疾病预防控制中心分别有1 898家，1 896家和1 255家。饮用水氟化物、氯化物和铅质控考核结果满意率分别为84.14%，81.49%和76.89%；考核结果在不同地区间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；采用不同检测方法测定氯化物和铅，其考核结果差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），采用不同检测方法测定氟化物，其考核结果差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论 开展饮用水水质监测的县市级疾控中心实验室氟化物、氯化物和铅检测能力总体较强，但部分实验室检测水平还有待提高。

Analysis of laboratory quality control test results of National drinking water quality in 2015

Objective The study aimed to promote the laboratory testing capabilities and to improve the level of health monitoring of drinking water throughout the country. Methods The quality control samples of fluoride, chloride and lead were distributed to 1 907 CDC laboratories of the 31 Provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and fluoride, chloride and lead in the samples were detected in accordance with the methods in the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water(GB/T 5750-2006). Robust statistical methods and Z-score were used to evaluate the detection results. Results There were 1 898, 1 896 and 1 255 laboratories took part in fluoride, chloride and lead quality control assessment of drinking water respectively. The satisfactory rates of quality control results of fluoride, chloride and lead were 84.14%, 81.49% and 76.89%,respectively. The results of the assessment of fluoride,chloride and lead in different regions were statistically significant(P<0.01). Chloride and lead were determined by different detection methods, and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Fluoride was determined by different detection methods, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusion Most of the CDC laboratories involved in drinking water quality monitoring have a high detection capacity for fluoride, chloride and lead, but there are still some laboratories need to improve their detection capability.