鸵鸟与人股骨近端组织结构对照研究

目的 本研究旨在评价鸵鸟股骨头生物学特征，探讨其作为股骨头缺血坏死模型实验动物的价值。方法 鸵鸟6只，体重（73.28±5.87）kg，雌雄不限。4只麻醉处死后取双侧股骨。对股骨头形态、关节软骨进行大体观察。X线及CT检测骨质形态及骨小梁走行。测量股骨头最大直径 、颈干角 、前倾角。取关节软骨行HE染色、Masson染色及甲苯胺蓝染色检测。2只鸵鸟行股骨内血管造影检查。结果 鸵鸟股骨头大体呈球形，无明显股骨颈，股骨头及转子形成连续的骨性平台，表面覆以软骨；X线显示股骨内存在两组纵行压力骨小梁系统，内侧起自股骨头止于内侧骨皮质，外侧起自转子下止于外侧骨皮质；股骨头最大直径（45.40±4.40）mm、颈干角（122.29±0.84）°、前倾角（11.62±0.40）°；关节软骨HE染色示软骨基质均匀淡染成红色，软骨细胞呈极性排列，形态呈圆形，染色浅，核偏心嗜碱性。软骨基质Masson染色呈亮绿色，甲苯胺蓝染色强阳性；骨内血管造影显示鸵鸟股骨头血供由支持带动脉，骨内滋养动脉及圆韧带动脉供应。结论 尽管鸵鸟股骨头直径、颈干角、前倾角、关节软骨性质与人类相似。鸵鸟股骨上段解剖结构及力学传导方式及供血方式与人类存在差异，此类大型双足动物为基础制备的股骨头坏死模型仍无法完全模拟人类病理过程。

Comparative Study on Tissue Structure of Proximal Femur between Ostrich and Human

Objective To evaluate the biological characteristics of ostrich femoral head and to explore its value as an experimental animal for avascular necrosis of the femoral head.Methods 6 ostriches,weighing(73.28±5.87)kg,were not limited to males and females.After 4 anesthesia were sacrificed,the bilateral femurs were taken.The femoral head morphology and articular cartilage were generally observed.X-ray and CT were used to detect bone morphology and trabecular bone.The maximum diameter of the femoral head,the neck angle,and the anteversion angle were measured.Articular cartilage was taken by HE staining,Masson staining and toluidine blue staining. 2 ostriches underwent intraductal angiography.Results The ostrich femoral head is generally spherical,with no obvious femoral neck.The femoral head and the rotor form a continuous bony platform with cartilage on the surface.X-ray showed that there were two groups of longitudinal pressure trabecular bone system in the femur.The medial origin was from the femoral head to the medial cortex,and the lateral side was from the lower end of the cerebral cortex.The maximum diameter of the femoral head was(45.4±4.4)mm.The neck dry angle(122.29±0.84)°,anteversion angle(11.62±0.40)°;HE staining of articular cartilage showed that the cartilage matrix was evenly dyed into red,the chondrocytes were arranged in a polar shape,the shape was round,the staining was shallow,and the nucleus was eccentric.The cartilage matrix Masson staining was bright green,and the toluidine blue staining was strongly positive.The intraosseous angiography showed that the blood supply of the ostrich femoral head was supplied by the supporting artery, the intraosseous nourishing artery and the round ligament artery.Conclusion Although the ostrich femoral head diameter,neck angle,anteversion angle,and articular cartilage are similar to humans.The anatomical structure and mechanical transmission mode of the upper part of the ostrich femur and the way of blood supply are different from those of humans.The femoral head necrosis model based on such large bipeds still cannot fully simulate the human pathological process.