Standardized flavonoid-rich fraction of Artemisia princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal induces apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in human cervical cancer HeLa cells |
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Authors: | Ju Hye-Kyung Lee Heon-Woo Chung Kyung-Sook Choi Jung-Hye Cho Jin-Gyeong Baek Nam-In Chung Hae-Gon Lee Kyung-Tae |
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Affiliation: | Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea. |
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Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevanceArtemisia princeps Pampanini is widely used in Eastern traditional medicine for the treatment of circulatory disorders, such as, dysmenorrhea, hematuria, hemorrhoids, and inflammation, and is also used to treat chronic conditions, such as, cancers, ulcers, and digestive disorders.Aim of the studyThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a standardized flavonoid-rich fraction of Artemisia princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal (FRAP) on the induction of apoptosis and the molecular mechanism involved in human cervical cancer HeLa cells.Materials and methodsHuman cervical cancer HeLa cells were treated with FRAP and apoptosis was detected by cell morphologic observation, annexin-V-PI staning and western blot analysis on the expression of protein associated with cell death.ResultsFRAP led to the cleavages of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in HeLa cells. Caspase-3 inhibitor (z-DEVD-fmk), caspase-8 inhibitor (z-IETD-fmk), caspase-9 inhibitor (z-LEHD), and broad caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) significantly suppressed the FRAP-induced accumulation of annexin V positive cells. Furthermore, it was found that FRAP caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol. Furthermore, the overexpression of Bcl-xL significantly prevented FRAP-induced apoptosis, MMP changes, and the activations of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Interestingly, pretreatment with caspase-8 inhibitor significantly reduced the FRAP-induced activation of caspase-3 but not that of caspase-9, whereas the caspase-3 inhibitor, z-DEVD-fmk, markedly attenuated the FRAP-induced activation of caspase-8. In BALB/cnu/nu mice bearing a HeLa xenograft, FRAP dosed at 25 or 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited tumor growth.ConclusionOur results indicate caspase-mediated activation of the mitochondrial death pathway plays a critical role in the FRAP-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells and that FRAP inhibits the in vivo tumor growth of HeLa xenograft mice. |
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Keywords: | Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2 Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large Bax, Bcl-2 associated X protein ΔΨm, mitochondria membrane potential Caspase, cystein aspartyl-specific protease PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase MTT, 3[4-dimethylthiazol-2-71]-2-5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide PI, propidium iodide DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography PCR, polymerase chain reaction |
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