城市农民工生命质量及影响因素分析

目的了解城市农民工生命质量(QOL)现状及其影响因素,为制定相应的政策和措施提供理论依据。方法采用健康调查量表(SF-36)对贵州省贵阳市522名农民工进行QOL测定。结果共发放调查表570份,收回558份,其中合格调查表522份,合格率为93.55%;522名农民工中男、女性分别为248和274人,平均年龄(28.43±8.06)岁;未婚、已婚和其他(离异或/和丧偶)分别为223,282,17人;小学及以下、初中、高中及以上文化程度者分别为73,255和194人;SF-36量表的分半信度和Cronbach’sα系数分别为0.806 7(P0.01)和0.777;躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力和精神维度上男性高于女性,仅总体健康维度上不同年龄、教育程度和婚姻状况间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);多元逐步回归分析结果提示,两周患病、住处更换次数、自评健康和主观、客观支持是影响城市农民工QOL的重要因素。结论农民工整体健康水平较差,生理、心理和社会适应等方面均不同程度地影响其QOL。

Quality of life and its influence factors among migrant workers

Objective To understand the quality of life and its influencing factors among migrant workers in city and to provide theoretical basis for developing interventions. Methods The quality of life (QOL) of 522 migrant workers in Guiyang city was measured with SF-36. Results In the study, the split-half reliability of scale was 0. 806 7 (P < 0. 01) and the Cronbach' s α coefficient of internal consistency reliability was 0. 777. Men showed higher scores in body pain, general health,vitality and mental health domain than women. There were significant differences in the general health dimension be-tween workers with different age,education and marriage status (P < 0. 01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that QOL of migrant worker in Guiyang was influenced by two-week prevalence of diseases, times of transfer dwelling, self-evaluated health status, scores of objective and subjective support. Conclusion The general health condition of migrant workers is at low level and their physiological, psycholgical and social state have different influence on their QOL.