经皮前路螺钉内固定治疗齿状突骨折的疗效与并发症分析

目的探讨经皮前路螺钉内固定手术治疗齿状突骨折的疗效与并发症。方法回顾28例经皮齿状突螺钉内固定手术患者的临床资料,其中男21例,女7例,AndersonⅡ型12例,Ⅲ型16例,其中浅Ⅲ型10例。所有患者均以1枚螺钉内固定。通过总结放射学和临床随访结果,分析其临床治疗效果和手术并发症。结果本组病例经26—62个月随访,28例患者中25例获得骨性愈合,2例不愈合,1例改行后路融合手术,AndersonⅢ型骨折愈合率93．8％,AndersonⅡ型骨折愈合率83．3％,总愈合率89．3％。大部分患者恢复正常的颈椎活动度。并发症包括1例暂时性喉上神经麻痹,5例钉尾留置于颈3椎体上缘,1例螺钉穿透齿突尖部,1例螺纹未完全通过骨折端,未出现严重穿刺并发症如食管、颈动静脉损伤。结论经皮齿状突螺钉内固定手术是一项新的微创术式,其治愈率与开放前路手术相近,而并发症较少,并具有操作简便、术中出血少、周围组织破坏轻、术后恢复快等优点,值得推广。

Therapeutic effects and complications of percutaneous anterior screw fixation for odontoid fractures

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects and complications of percutaneous anterior screw fixation for odontoid fractures. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with odontoid fractures, 21 males and 7 females, aged 38.6 (21-72), 12 with type II fractures and 16 with type III fractures, including 10 cases with shallow type III fractures, according to Anderson's classification system, underwent percutaneous anterior odontoid screw fixation with one screw implant. Five to seven days after the operation the patients got out of bed to conduct dirigation. Prostheses were used for 8-12 weeks post-operationally. The patients were followed up for 43.2 months (26-62 months). Radiological examination, including X-ray and CT examinations, and clinical examinations were carried out to observe the therapeutic effects. RESULTS: Radiological examination showed bony union in 25 cases (89.3%), and non-union developed in 2 cases, 1 case was switched to posterior fusion surgery because of redisplaced fracture. The union rate was 83.3% in the type II fracture, and was 93.8% in the type III. Majority of the patients resumed an excellent cervical motion. No severe complication such as esophagus and carotid artery injury related with puncture was found. One patient had temporary superior laryngeal nerve paralysis, The screw tail was detained at the superior margin of C3 vertebral body in 5 cases, the screw penetrate the tip of odontoid process in 1 case, and the screw thread failed to pass the fracture site entirely in 1 case. CONCLUSION: An innovative alternative method with the advantages of convenient procedure, less bleeding, gentle injury for surrounding tissue, and rapid recovery, percutaneous anterior odontoid screw fixation is similarly effective as open anterior odontoid screw fixation, for the treatment of odontoid fractures. Related complication is rare and not severe. The surgery has.