雄激素受体有望成为乳腺癌中新的生物标志物

生物标志物可用于靶向治疗的诊断、预后和预测。雌激素受体（ER）和人类表皮生长因子-2(HER-2)已经成为指导乳腺癌治疗的标准生物标志物。雄激素受体（AR）是一种属于核受体超家族中的类固醇受体,与前列腺癌的发展有关。越来越多的证据表明AR在乳腺癌中起着重要的作用,AR被认为是乳腺癌中有用的生物标志物。现有的生存分析表明,AR在ER+乳腺癌中起到肿瘤抑制作用,是一种有利的预后标志物,而AR在ER-乳腺癌中起肿瘤启动子作用,包括在HER-2阳性型和三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）,是一种不良预后因素。AR还被证明可以预测ER+乳腺癌对辅助激素治疗和TNBC中新辅助化疗的反应潜力。然而,也有相关研究得出与以上相互矛盾的结果,这可能是肿瘤和AR阳性评分方法之间的内在差异导致的。有人建议应用AR表达状态来指导不同乳腺癌亚型的治疗。在未来,AR将成为乳腺癌的可行生物标志物,在乳腺癌中使用AR拮抗剂的临床试验是活跃的,单独靶向AR或其他治疗剂为乳腺癌的现有疗法提供了替代方案。因此,如果要使用AR靶向治疗,AR表达将是必要的。

Androgen receptor is expected to become a new biomarker in breast cancer

Biomarkers can be used for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of targeted therapies. The estrogen receptor (ER) andhuman epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) have become standard biomarkers to guide breast cancer treatment. Androgen receptor (AR),a steroid receptor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, has been associated with the development of prostate cancer. There isgrowing evidence that AR plays an important role in breast cancer, and AR is considered a useful biomarker in breast cancer. Existingsurvival analyses suggest that AR acts as a tumor suppressor in ER+ breast cancer and is a favorable prognostic marker, whereas ARacts as a tumor promoter in ER-breast cancer, including HER-2-positive and triple-negative (TNBC) breast cancers, and is a poor prog.nostic factor. AR has also been shown to predict the response to adjuvant hormone therapy in ER+ breast cancer and neoadjuvant che.motherapy in TNBC response potential. However, there are also relevant studies that have yielded conflicting results with the above,which may be due to inherent differences between tumor and AR positivity scoring methods. It has been suggested that AR expressionstatus should be applied to guide the treatment of different breast cancer subtypes. In the future, AR will become a viable biomarker forbreast cancer. Clinical trials using AR antagonists in breast cancer are active, and targeting AR alone or other therapeutic agents pro.vides an alternative to existing therapies for breast cancer. Therefore, AR expression is necessary if AR-targeted therapy is to be used.