Dynamic fluorescence lifetime sensing with CMOS single-photon avalanche diode arrays and deep learning processors |
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| Authors: | Dong Xiao Zhenya Zang Natakorn Sapermsap Quan Wang Wujun Xie Yu Chen David Day Uei Li |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK;2.Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK;3.Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK |
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| Abstract: | Measuring fluorescence lifetimes of fast-moving cells or particles have broad applications in biomedical sciences. This paper presents a dynamic fluorescence lifetime sensing (DFLS) system based on the time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) principle. It integrates a CMOS 192 × 128 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array, offering an enormous photon-counting throughput without pile-up effects. We also proposed a quantized convolutional neural network (QCNN) algorithm and designed a field-programmable gate array embedded processor for fluorescence lifetime determinations. The processor uses a simple architecture, showing unparallel advantages in accuracy, analysis speed, and power consumption. It can resolve fluorescence lifetimes against disturbing noise. We evaluated the DFLS system using fluorescence dyes and fluorophore-tagged microspheres. The system can effectively measure fluorescence lifetimes within a single exposure period of the SPAD sensor, paving the way for portable time-resolved devices and shows potential in various applications. |
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