某蓄电池厂铅作业工人职业健康检查结果分析

目的了解某蓄电池厂职业性铅危害情况,探索职业卫生预防模式。方法接触铅作业的工人按《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》的要求进行职业健康检查,内容包括内科、耳鼻喉、听力、心电图、血常规和尿常规,并测定其血铅、尿铅浓度。结果361名接触铅作业工人有143人尿铅含量超过职业接触限值(≥70μg/L),53人血铅含量超过职业接触限值(≥400μg/L),与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。28人血红蛋白下降,44人耳鼻喉检查发现异常,68人听力异常,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血铅、尿铅浓度与铅接触浓度有关,随着铅接触浓度的增加,血铅、尿铅平均浓度增加。血铅、尿铅超标率与接铅工龄有相关性,接铅工龄在5年以上组血铅、尿铅超标率明显高于0～1年组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);与1～5年组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该厂铅作业工人受铅危害影响情况较重,工作场所中高浓度的铅烟、铅尘是造成铅作业工人血铅、尿铅含量增加的重要因素,该厂应进行工艺改革,采取有效措施控制铅污染,定期进行职业健康检查,以及时发现问题,预防铅中毒的发生。

Analysis on Occupational Health Examination Results of Lead-exposed Workers in A Storage Battery Factory

Objective] To understand the occupational lead hazards in a storage battery factory, and explore the prevention mode of occupational health.Methods]Physical examination was conducted on the lead-exposed workers, including internal medicine, ENT, hearing, ECG, blood and urine. The concentration of blood lead and urine lead were determined.Results]Of 361 lead-exposed workers, urine lead levels of 143 exceeded the occupational exposure limit（≥ 70 μg/L）, blood lead levels of 53 workers exceeded the occupational exposure limit（≥ 70 μg/L）, comparing with the control group, the differences were significant（P0.01）. 28 workers had lower hemoglobin level, 44 workers＇ ENT examination results were abnormal, 68 workers＇ hearing examination results showed abnormal, Which had significantly difference in comparison with the control group （P0.05）. Blood lead level and urine lead level were positively correlated with lead exposure concentration. The over standard rates of blood lead level and urine lead level related with lead-exposed service length. The over standard rates of blood lead level and urine lead level of workers with service length more than 5 years were significantly higher than that of workers with service length less than 1 year（P0.01）; comparing with 1~5 years service length group, the difference was significant （P0.05）.Conclusion]The status of occupational lead hazard is serious in this factory. The high level of lead fume and dust in workplace is the most important factors influencing the increase of blood lead level and urine lead level of workers .It is necessary to reform the process, to take effective control methods, to perform occupational health examination regularly to pinpoint the problems and prevent lead poisoning timely.