大脑类器官在胶质母细胞瘤中的应用进展

胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是成人最常见的中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤，具有高度的异质性，瘤内不同细胞和肿瘤微环境之间存在复杂的相互作用。目前体外模型还不能准确再现脑肿瘤微环境，体内原位模型耗时长，成本高昂，且成功率不高。类器官作为一种新型的肿瘤研究模型能够高度模拟原位组织的生理结构和功能，可以稳定地维持肿瘤细胞在体内的特征，已被广泛应用于各种恶性肿瘤的研究。目前已经通过基因编辑技术诱导大脑类器官形成脑肿瘤，用以研究肿瘤发生的早期阶段，GBM干细胞与大脑类器官共培养可建立高通量药物筛选，直接培养建立GBM类器官可用来研究肿瘤的生物学特性及预测治疗反应。该文对大脑类器官进行简要介绍，回顾GBM类器官建立的不同实验技术方法，并对GBM类器官的应用进行了归纳。

Advances in the application of cerebral organoids in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults, with high heterogeneity and complex interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Current in vitro models cannot accurately reproduce the brain tumor microenvironment, and in vivo in situ models are time-consuming, costly, and often not successful. Organoids as a new model system can accurately simulate the physiological structure and function of in situ tumor tissues, and can maintain the characteristics of tumor cells in vivo. Cerebral organoids have been widely used in the study of various malignant tumors. Gene-editing technologies have been established to induce brain tumors in cerebral organoids to study the early stages of tumorigenesis. Cocultivation of GBM stem cells and cerebral organoids can be used for high-throughput drug screening. Alternatively, GBM organoids can be directly established and cultured to study tumor biology and predict treatment response. In this article we briefly introduce the cerebral organoids, review the various experimental techniques for the establishment of GBM organoids, and summarize the applications of GBM organoids.