不同性别骨性Ⅱ类无鼾青少年患者的上气道、舌骨及牙颌软硬组织差异性研究

目的:比较不同性别12～16岁青少年上气道、舌骨及牙颌软硬组织差异及其相关性，为临床制定具有性别差异的诊疗参考。方法:选择70例骨性Ⅱ类青少年患者，男女比例为1∶1，年龄、垂直骨面型严格匹配。用Invivo 5进行三维重建并测上气道、舌骨及牙颌软硬组织指标，进行独立样本 t检验及Pearson相关性分析。 结果:男、女性患者舌咽体积分别为(6.68±2.71) cm 3、(5.36±1.73) cm 3， P＝0.019]，男、女性患者舌骨垂直距离分别为(101.56±16.72) mm、(92.44±19.11) mm, P＝0.037]，具有统计学意义。男、女性Y轴角、NP-FH、RH、PFH、AFH、FHR、OP-SN、IOB、U1-E、Sn-G均有统计学意义。男性上气道与颌骨有显著相关性，女性上气道与牙齿角度及软组织有显著相关性。 结论:男性舌咽体积更大，牙颌软硬组织趋向于 平面平整且上唇及颏部靠前的水平生长型。临床上制定不同性别的诊疗方案时，男性趋向于着重考虑颌骨指标对上气道及舌骨的影响，女性着重考虑牙性指标对上气道及舌骨的影响，旨在逐步建立反映不同性别患者特征的颌骨及牙性指标，为预判不同性别患者治疗后上气道形态及舌骨位置的改变提供一定参考依据。

Study on the differences of upper airway,hyoid bone and soft and hard tissues in skeletal Class Ⅱ non-snoring adolescents of different genders

Objective:To compare the differences and correlations between the upper airway, hyoid bone and soft and hard tissue in adolescents aged 12-16 years, as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment with gender difference.Methods:Seventy skeletal ClassⅡadolescents were selected, the ratio of male to female was 1∶1, and the age and vertical skeletal pattern were strictly matched. Invivo 5 was used to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of the upper airway, hyoid bone, soft and hard tissues. Independent sample t test and Pearson correlation analysis were carried out. Results:The glossopharyngeal volume of male and female patients were (6.68 ± 2.71) cm 3 and (5.36 ± 1.73) cm 3 respectively ( P=0.019). The vertical distance of hyoid bone in male and female patients were (101.56 ± 16.72) mm and (92.44 ± 19.11) mm respectively ( P=0.037). What is more, there were significant statistical differences in Y-axis angle, NP-FH, RH, PFH, AFH, FHR, OP-SN, IOB, U1-E and Sn-G. There was significant correlation between the upper airway and skeletal bone in male, and there was significant correlation between the upper airway and dental characteristics and soft tissue in female. Conclusions:In male patients, the volume of glossopharynx is larger, the occlusal plane tends to be flat and the upper lip and chin tend to be forward, and the skeletal pattern tends to be horizontal growth pattern. For the clinical diagnosis and treatment with gender difference, the male needs more focus on the influence of bony indicators on hyoid bone and upper airway, and the female needs more focus on the influence of dental indicators on hyoid bone and upper airway. The study will help to establish bony and dental indexes reflecting the gender characteristics, so as to provide certain reference for predicting the changes of upper airway morphology and hyoid bone position in patients with different genders after orthodontic treatment.