高原低氧环境对人体生长发育和营养状况的影响

目的:研究高原低氧环境对人体发育和营养状况的影响。方法:依照中华人民共和国国家军用标准(GJB1102-91)《中国人民解放军战士身体发育测量及评价》对驻守在海拔4300m某地的277名战士进行身体发育指标的测量并计算派生出其他指标,与120名平原战士比较。同时按高原居住不同时间对277名高原战士进行组内对照。结果:与平原战士比较,高原战士的体重、上臂围、上臂肌围、三头肌部皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度、体脂含量、体质指数、比体重等均低于平原战士,相差非常显著(P<0.01)。高原居住时间越长,营养缺乏越严重。结论:高原低氧环境由于营养供給不足,加之缺氧状态机体营养代谢紊乱,致使人体体质量下降、肌消瘦、营养缺乏等,进而导致机体免疫力下降,患病率增高。

Growth and development of human body and nutrition status in the environment of plateau and hypoxia

Objective:To investigate the growth and development of human body and nutrition status in the environment of plateau and hypoxia.Methods:The indexes of growth and development of 277 soldiers stationed at the altitude of 4 300 meters were measured according to the standards of GJB 1102-91,the derived indexes were calculated.The results were compared with those of 120 soldiers stationed at plain.The plateau group was also divided into subgroups according to the service time in the plateau and the data were compared with each other.Results:The indexes of plateau group such as body weight,upper arm encircle,arm muscle circumference,triceps skinfold thickness,subscapularis skinfold thickness,body fat content and body mass index were all lower than those of plain group(P<0.01).The longer service time in plateau,the more serious status of denutrition.Conclusion:Undernutrition and hypoxia at plateau lead to disorder of metabolism,which causes reduced body weight,emaciated muscle,hypoimmunity and increased morbidity rate.