西安市社区居民食品安全健康教育前后知识、态度和行为的比较

目的为了了解西安市社区居民食品安全知识、态度和行为的现状，并进行食品安全健康教育的效果评估。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法，于2010年10月至2010年12月对试点社区700位居民先后进行了2次访谈式问卷调查，并对调查结果进行分析和比较。结果调查总人数为700人，以基线调查和健康教育3个月后的终期调查的2次访谈式问卷调查均参加，且问卷问题均回答完整的问卷作为有效问卷，共获得有效问卷678份，不合格问卷22份，应答率96．86％。食品安全健康教育前、后评分，总分有显著性的影响因素均为年龄、文化程度、职业和经济收入（P〈0．05），且健康教育后的评分总分均高于健康教育前（P（O．05）；将食品安全健康教育得分分别转换成百分值时，健康教育后的评分的百分分值，食品安全知识、态度及总分仍均显著高于健康教育前（P（0．05），但知识、行为的得分，低于态度的得分（P〈0．05），且健康教育后行为的改变仍无显著性改变（P〉0．05）；将单因素分析结果中对居民食品安全有显著性的影响因素，进行多因素Logistic回归分析，人选因素中，受教育程度是影响居民食品安全的最主要因素；居民食品安全之间相关性分析显示，知识、态度、行为之间均具有正相关关系，且知识与态度间具有明显正相关关系（r=0．508）。结论广泛、形式多样的食品安全健康教育是改善社区居民食品安全状况的有效途径。

Comparison of knowledge,attitude and behavior concerning food safety among Van community residents before and after health education

Objective To learn about the status quo of knowledge, attitude and behavior （KAB） concerning food safety among Xi＇an community residents and to evaluate the effectiveness of health education concerning food safety. Methods We used multi-stage stratifying random sampling method to conduct two questionnaire-based surveys among 700 residents in the trial communities between October 2010 and December 2010. Then the results were analyzed and compared. Results Of the 700 residents surveyed, all participated in the questionnaire-based baseline survey and the questionnaire-based survey after 3-month health education. The questionnaire with all questions answered completely was regarded as valid and we collected 678 valid questionnaires and 22 invalid one, with the response rate of 96.86%. The factors that significantly affected KAB total scores before and after health education concerning food safety were age, educational status, occupation and income （P〈 0.05）, and KAB total score was higher after education than that before education （P〈0.05）. After KAB total score was converted into percentage, post-education KAB score percentage, food safety knowledge and attitude, and total score were still significantly higher than the pre-education ones （P（0.05）. However, knowledge and behavior scored lower than attitude （P〈 0.05）, and behavior did not change obviously after education （P〉0.05）. We put the factors significantly influencing the residents＇ food safety KAB revealed by mono-factor analysis into multi-factor logistic regression analysis. Of the factors included, educational level was the most important factor that affected food safety KAB of the residents. KAB correlation analysis showed that knowledge, attitude and behavior were positively correlated with each other and that there was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude （ r = 0. 508）. Conclusion Broad and various forms of health education concerning food safety is an effective way to improve the status of KAB concerning food safety among community residents.