幼儿语音觉知能力的研究

目的研究中国幼儿中文和英文语音觉知的特点。方法选择 18个月幼儿和学前儿童 ,评估语言发育水平、语音觉知能力、记忆能力、发音准确性和英语学习成绩。第一个阶段对 18～ 2 4个月幼儿分两组分别进行中文和英文的语音输入约 10 0h ,第二个阶段对所有儿童进行英语教学 14周。结果 3岁以上幼儿语言和记忆发育水平随年龄而增长 ;女孩的语音分辨能力比男孩好 ;大年龄组幼儿的语音分辨能力显著高于低年龄组 ,中文的语音分辨能力在 2～ 3岁之间提高最明显 ,英文语音分辨能力在 4～ 5岁之间提高最明显 ;中文语音分辨能力与年龄、语言水平和记忆水平显著正相关 ,英文的语音分辨能力与年龄、中文语言水平和记忆水平显著正相关 ;发音准确性与中文语音分辨能力正相关。结论幼儿的语音觉知能力 ,女孩强于男孩 ,6岁之前随年龄而增长。当儿童的母语和记忆等认知能力发展到较好水平时 ,获得非母语的觉知能力将更快、更好、发音更准确 ,学习外语将更有效。

The study on the phonological awareness in toddlers and preschoolers

Objective To study the character of Chinese and English phonological awareness in toddlers and preschool children. MethodsThis study was involved in 18 to 24-month toddlers (the group of two years old) and the groups of 3 to 5-years old preschool children. The children were assessed on their native language level, phonological awareness ability, memory,pronunciation and English education test. ResultsThe language and memory level were significantly increased with age above three years old. The phonological detection was significantly higher in girls than in boys, and better in older age group children than younger. The Chinese phonological detection ability was most significantly increased between two to three years old, and the English phonological detection ability was most significantly increased between four years old to five years old. The Chinese detection ability has positive relationship with age, memory ability and language level. The English detection ability has positive correlation with age, Chinese language level and memory ability. The children's pronunciation was positively related with the Chinese detection ability. ConclusionGirls were better on phonological awareness than boys. The phonological awareness was increased with age before age six. It is suggest that if have a relative high level of native language and memory ability, the children's second language acquirement would be more faster and better, and their pronunciation be more accurate, that means learn foreign language would be more efficiency.