Dose-adjustment study of tamoxifen based on <Emphasis Type="Italic">CYP2D6</Emphasis> genotypes in Japanese breast cancer patients |
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Authors: | Kazuma Kiyotani Taisei Mushiroda Chiyo K Imamura Yusuke Tanigawara Naoya Hosono Michiaki Kubo Mitsunori Sasa Yusuke Nakamura Hitoshi Zembutsu |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory for Pharmacogenetics, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;(2) Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;(3) Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;(4) Department of Surgery, Tokushima Breast Care Clinic, Tokushima 770-0052, Japan;(5) Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; |
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Abstract: | CYP2D6 is a key enzyme responsible for the metabolism of tamoxifen to active metabolites, endoxifen, and 4-hydroxytamoxifen.
The breast cancer patients who are heterozygous and homozygous for decreased-function and null alleles of CYP2D6 showed lower plasma concentrations of endoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen compared to patients with homozygous-wild-type allele,
resulting in worse clinical outcome in tamoxifen therapy. We recruited 98 Japanese breast cancer patients, who had been taking
20 mg of tamoxifen daily as adjuvant setting. For the patients who have one or no normal allele of CYP2D6, dosages of tamoxifen were increased to 30 and 40 mg/day, respectively. The plasma concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites
were measured at 8 weeks after dose-adjustment using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Association between tamoxifen
dose and the incidence of adverse events during the tamoxifen treatment was investigated. In the patients with CYP2D6*1/*10 and CYP2D6*10/*10, the mean plasma endoxifen levels after dose increase were 1.4- and 1.7-fold higher, respectively, than those before the
increase (P < 0.001). These plasma concentrations of endoxifen achieved similar level of those in the CYP2D6*1/*1 patients receiving 20 mg/day of tamoxifen. Plasma 4-hydroxytamoxifen concentrations in the patients with CYP2D6*1/*10 and CYP2D6*10/*10 were also significantly increased to the similar levels of the CYP2D6*1/*1 patients according to the increasing tamoxifen dosages (P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between before and after dose adjustment. This
study provides the evidence that dose adjustment is useful for the patients carrying CYP2D6*10 allele to maintain the effective endoxifen level. |
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