4878例心脏外科手术后患者急性肾损伤发生率及其危险因素分析

目的调查4878例心脏外科手术患者术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生率及分析其危险因素。方法回顾性收集2015年3月至2015年10月在北京安贞医院接受心脏外科手术的4878例患者的临床资料。根据术后7 d内是否发生AKI分为AKI组和非AKI组。比较两组患者基线临床资料、术中情况、合并症、住院时间、出院时生活能力评分等项目的差异。计算患者AKI总体发生率,并比较不同手术类型组间AKI发生率的差异。用多因素Logistic回归方程法分析心脏外科手术患者术后发生AKI的危险因素。结果共计933例(19.1%)患者发生术后AKI。与非AKI组相比,AKI组患者平均住院时间延长(14.4±8.9)比(13.7±7.7)d,P<0.05]。不同手术类型组间AKI发生率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。男性、合并糖尿病、高血压、基础血肌酐增高、心功能分级≥Ⅲ级、体外循环、联合手术≥3项、术后行再开胸探查止血术和使用有创呼吸机≥96 h为发生术后AKI的独立危险因素,OR(95%CI)分别为1.81(1.46~2.24)、1.29(1.03~1.62)、5.85(4.73~7.22)、1.81(1.36~2.40)、4.49(3.60~5.60)、1.84(1.49~2.27)、23.24(18.25~29.59)、2.34(1.45~3.77)、1.94(1.09~3.43),均P<0.05。结论北京安贞医院心脏外科手术患者术后AKI发生率为19.13%。手术后合并AKI患者住院时间延长。影响心脏外科手术患者术后发生AKI的独立危险因素较多,联合手术≥3项是其中最强的独立危险因素。

Incidence of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery and related risk factors in 4 878 patients

Objective To investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery and related risk factors in 4 878 patients. Methods The information from patients who underwent cardiac surgery through March 2015 to October 2015 was collected retrospectively from the electronic database of Beijing Anzhen Hospital. A total of 4 878 patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to whether AKI occurred within 7 days after cardiac surgery. The incidence of AKI was calculated, and the AKI incidence in different types of cardiac surgeries were compared. Clinical data such as baseline clinical information, operation information, comorbidity, hospital stay time, life ability score in discharge from the hospital, and so on, were compared between AKI group and the non-AKI group using univariate analysis. Risk factors for AKI following cardiac surgery were analyzed using the binary multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 933 patients suffered from AKI (19.1%) following cardiac surgery. The time of stay in the hospital was longer in AKI group than that in the non - AKI group (14.4±8.9) vs (13.7±7.7) d, P＜0.05)]. The incidence of AKI in different types of cardiac surgeries varied significantly (P＜0.001). The logistic regression analysis showed that male, diabetes, hypertension, the elevated basic serum creatinine, cardiac dysfunction (NYHA grade≥Ⅲ), cardiopulmonary bypass, a combination of operations≥3, the rethoracotomy exploration and hemostasia, and using an invasive ventilator for over 96 hours were the independent risk factors for the AKI following cardiac surgery (all P＜0.05), and the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) were 1.81(1.46-2.24), 1.29(1.03-1.62), 5.85(4.73-7.22), 1.81(1.36-2.40), 4.49 (3.60-5.60), 1.84(1.49-2.27), 23.24(18.25-29.59), 2.34(1.45-3.77) and 1.94(1.09-3.43) respectively. Conclusions The incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery in Beijing Anzhen Hospital is 19.1%. AKI following cardiac surgery prolongs the time of stay in the hospital. Independent risk factors for AKI following cardiac surgery are multiple, and one of the most critical factors is a combination of operations≥3.