父母教养方式对社交焦虑障碍青少年焦虑水平的影响

目的探究父母教养方式对青少年社交焦虑障碍(SAD)患者焦虑程度的影响,以及应对方式在二者之间的中介作用。方法选取2018年5月-2019年5月在上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心儿少科就诊的SAD病例120例,及性别年龄匹配的对照组120例,采用儿童焦虑性筛选量表、父母教养方式量表、中学生应对方式量表进行调查。结果社交焦虑障碍青少年的父亲拒绝、母亲拒绝、母亲过度保护均高于对照组(t=7.14,8.85,2.67,P<0.05),而父亲情感温暖、母亲情感温暖均低于对照组(t=-7.36,-8.29,P<0.05)。父亲拒绝、情感温暖、过度保护与焦虑程度呈正相关(r=0.195~0.317,P<0.05),母亲拒绝、过度保护与焦虑程度呈正相关(r=0.232~0.253,P<0.05)。个体注重情绪的应对方式在母亲情感温暖和SAD组焦虑水平之间起完全中介作用,中介效应大小为0.4397。结论社交焦虑障碍青少年的父母教养方式对其焦虑水平有重要影响,因此,父母应当为个体成长创造良好的家庭环境。个体注重情绪的应对方式在母亲情感温暖和青少年焦虑之间起到重要中介作用。

Influence of parenting style on anxiety level of adolescents with social anxiety disorder

Objective To explore the influence of parenting style on the anxiety level of adolescents with social anxiety disorder,and the mediating effect of coping style between parenting style and social anxiety disorder. Methods A total of 120 adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) by DSM-5 were selected as participants from May 2018 to May 2019,and 120 children matched by gender and age were selected as control group. The Screening Scale for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders,Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran and Cope-Style Scale for Middle School Students were used for assessment. Results The father rejection,mother rejection and mother overprotection of the SAD group were all higher than those of control group (t=7. 14,8. 85,2. 67, P<0. 05),while father emotional warmth and mother emotional warmth of the SAD group were lower than those of control group (t=-7. 36,-8. 29,P<0. 05). Father's rejection,emotional warmth and overprotection were significantly positively correlated with anxiety level (r=0. 195-0. 317,P<0. 05). Mother's rejection and overprotection were significantly positively correlated with anxiety level (r=0. 232-0. 253,P<0. 05). The individual emotional coping style plays a completely mediating role between the emotional warmth of the mother and the anxiety level of the SAD group,with the mediating effect of 0. 439 7. Conclusions The parenting style of adolescents with social anxiety disorder has an important influence on the level of adolescents' anxiety. So it is suggested to create a harmonious family atmosphere for children. Moreover,empathetic coping plays an important mediating role between mothers' emotional warmth and adolescents' social anxiety.