上海市静安区慢性肾脏病高危人群社区筛查结果分析

目的以上海市静安区为试点,依托社区卫生服务中心,筛查慢性肾脏病(CKD)高危人群中的CKD患病率,为CKD的社区筛查分析提供依据。方法采用回顾性分析方法,分析上海市静安区2016年7月至2018年11月参加社区筛查的CKD高危人群的患病情况。对25199例研究对象进行间隔时间大于3个月的两次实验室检查。根据CKD诊断标准对高危人群患病情况进行诊断,并对患有CKD人群进行疾病分期、分层。将筛查人群分别按照性别、年龄、病史分组,比较各组CKD检出率的差异。结果该筛查人群中既往已知的CKD患者有788例,而经区级医院确诊的CKD患者有3713例,检出率为14.73%,筛查前未知的CKD患者是已知患者的4.71倍。女性高危人群CKD检出率高于男性(16.00%比13.00%,χ2=44.213,P<0.001);老年(≥65岁)组CKD检出率高于非老年组(14.94%比13.76%,χ2=4.001,P=0.046)。患有高血压、高尿酸血症、慢性肾炎家族史的高危人群组的CKD检出率均明显高于无上述疾病人群(均P<0.05)。结论CKD高危人群中通过筛查检出的CKD患者人数是既往已知患者人数的4.71倍,因此在社区高危人群中开展CKD筛查十分必要。女性、高龄、高血压、高尿酸血症、慢性肾炎家族史是CKD的独立危险因素。

Community screening analysis of high-risk groups of chronic kidney disease in Jing'an district of Shanghai

Objective To screen the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients among the high-risk groups in Jing'an district of Shanghai, and provide suggestions for the screening and analysis of CKD. Methods Retrospective analysis was used to analyze the disease status of high-risk groups of CKD who participated in community screening from July 2016 to November 2018. A total of 25 199 subjects underwent two laboratory examinations at intervals of more than 3 months. The CKD was diagnosed in high-risk groups according to the diagnostic criteria, and the patients with CKD were classified and stratified. The screening population was divided into groups according to gender, age and medical history to compare the difference in the detection rate of CKD. Results There were 788 CKD patients diagnosed previously in this screening population, and 3 713 CKD patients were confirmed by this district-level hospitals screening. Potential CKD patients were 4.71 times as many as previously known CKD patients. The CKD detection rate was 14.73%. The CKD detection rate of female high-risk group was higher than that of male (16.00% vs 13.00%, χ2=44.213, P＜0.001). The CKD detection rate in the elderly group (≥65 years old) was higher than that in the non-elderly group (14.94% vs 13.76%, χ2=4.001, P=0.046). The CKD detection rate in high-risk group with hypertension, hyperuricemia and family history of chronic nephritis was significantly higher than those in the group without such diseases (all P＜0.05). Conclusions The number of patients detected in high-risk groups of CKD is 4.71 times as much as previously known patients, indicating that it is very necessary to carry out CKD screening in community high-risk group. Women, elder, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and a family history of chronic nephritis are independent risk factors for patients at high risk of CKD.