MicroRNA在直肠癌新辅助治疗疗效预测中的作用

新辅助放化疗是局部晚期直肠癌的标准治疗模式,然而并非所有患者均能从中获益,对放化疗不敏感的患者,新辅助治疗可能延误手术时机,降低总生存率。因此,寻找预测直肠癌新辅助治疗疗效的生物标志物,筛选出对新辅助治疗疗效差的患者,及早行手术治疗,对制定个体化的治疗策略具有重要意义。MicroRNA是具有基因表达调节作用的小的非编码RNA,参与多种信号传导途径和DNA损伤修复过程,影响直肠癌细胞的放射敏感性,可能预测新辅助治疗的疗效。本文旨在对近年来有关microRNA在直肠癌新辅助治疗中疗效预测相关的研究进展进行综述,以期进一步明确microRNA在直肠癌新辅助治疗疗效预测中的作用。

Role of microRNA in predictingclinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However,the response to NCRT varies among LARC patients and a subset of patients show resistance to NCRT. NCRT may delay the timing of surgery and even reduce the overall survival. Therefore,it is of significance to identify biomarkers for predicting the clinical efficacy of NCRT, screen patients who are resistant to NCRT and perform surgery as early as possible, eventually establishing an individualized therapeutic strategy. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, which areinvolved in multiple signaling pathways and DNA damage repair process and affect the radiosensitivity of rectal cancer cells. Many recent studies have evaluated the role of microRNA in predicting the response to NCRT. The purpose of this article is to review the research progress and validate the role of microRNA in predicting the clinical efficacy of NCRT for rectal cancer.