14~18岁青春发育晚期女性的生殖道感染特征

目的:通过分析14~18岁青春发育晚期女性生殖道感染状况及不同年龄组感染发生率差异,发现该阶段女性生殖道感染特征。方法:回顾性分析487例2016年7月-2019年6月在本院就诊的14~18岁青春发育晚期女性生殖道感染状况,按年龄分为14岁、15岁、16岁、17岁、18岁5个年龄组,分析其细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis,BV)发生率、BV中间型检出率、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC,含白色假丝酵母菌和非白色假丝酵母菌)总发生率、滴虫阴道炎(trichomonal vaginosis,TV)发生率、炎症反应率及不同年龄组上述指标的差异。结果:青春发育晚期女性BV发生率、BV中间型检出率、VVC总发生率、TV发生率、炎症反应率分别为25.67%、19.30%、29.36%、2.46%、25.05%。VVC中白色假丝酵母菌和非白色假丝酵母菌阳性检出率分别为16.84%和12.53%。VVC总发生率和BV发生率大致相似,但两者均高于TV发生率。5个年龄组间经两两比较发现,不同年龄组BV中间型检出率、TV发生率和炎症反应率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),17岁组BV发生率显著高于其他年龄组(均P<0.05),17岁和18岁年龄组的VVC总发生率及非白色假丝酵母菌阳性检出率显著高于14岁年龄组(均P<0.05)。结论:青春发育晚期女性VVC和BV均较TV易感。随着年龄的增长,尽管BV中间型检出率、TV发生率和炎症反应率无明显变化,但17岁组的BV发生率显著高于其他年龄组,17和18岁组的VVC总发生率及非白色假丝酵母菌阳性检出率显著高于14岁年龄组。因此,应关注该阶段女性经期卫生、阴道内环境和不洁卫生生活,强化青春期女性生殖健康教育。

Characteristics of Genital Tract Infection in Late-Puberty Women Aged 14 to 18 Years

Objective: To discover the characteristics of genital tract infection in those late-puberty women aged 14 to 18 years, by analyzing retrospectively the genital tract infection condition and the differences in infection rates of different age groups. Methods:The genital tract infection conditions of 487 female patients of 14 to 18 years from July 2016 to June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 5 age groups, including the groups of 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 years old. The bacterial vaginosis(BV) infection rate, BV intermediate type detection rate, vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC) total infection rate, trichomonas vaginalis(TV)infection rate, inflammatory response rate were analyzed. The differences in above rates were analyzed in the different age groups. Results:The BV infection rate, BV intermediate type detection rate, VVC total infection rate,TV infection rate, and inflammatory response rate were 25.67%, 19.30%, 29.36%, 2.46%, and 25.05%,respectively. For VVC infection, the infection rates of candida albicans and non-albicans candida were 16.84%and 12.53%, respectively. The VVC total infection rate and BV infection rate were roughly same, and both of them were significantly higher than the TV infection rate. There were no significant differences in the BV intermediate type detection rate, TV infection rate and inflammatory response rate in the five age groups(P >0.05). The BV infection rate of the age group of 17 years was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05). The VVC total infection rate and non-albicans candida positive rate of the two groups of 17 and 18 years were significantly higher than those of the age group of 14 years(P<0.05). Conclusions:BV and VVC were more susceptible than TV for female in late puberty. Although the BV detection rate, TV infection rate and inflammatory response rate did not significantly change with the increase of age, the BV infection rate of the group of 17 years was significantly higher than that of other groups while the VVC total infection rate and non-albicans candida positive rate of the two groups of 17 and 18 years were significantly higher than those of the age group of 14 years.Therefore, attentions should be paid to the effects of menstrual hygiene, vaginal internal environment and hygiene manner on genital tract infection at this stage. It is recommended to strengthen the education of reproductive health in adolescent women.