自体动静脉内瘘使用寿命的影响因素

目的分析自体动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous fistula,AVF)使用的相关因素,为延长血液透析患者AVF使用寿命提供理论依据。方法采用回顾性调查研究,选取2004年10月至2017年6月在南昌大学第一附属医院行AVF手术并使用其进行维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)的患者为研究对象,探讨AVF使用寿命的影响因素。通过问卷调查、查阅医院病历系统和血液透析记录单等方式,记录患者的一般资料、透析资料和实验室指标。根据内瘘功能状态将患者分为失功组及通畅组,对比两组资料之间的差异。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析AVF使用寿命的影响因素,Kaplan-Meier方法绘制生存曲线。结果共纳入研究对象187例,内瘘失功组47例,通畅组140例,两组患者在糖尿病占比、血浆白蛋白水平、尿酸水平、甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)水平之间的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,糖尿病(HR=9.348,95%CI 3.507~24.918,P<0.001)和低白蛋白血症(HR=12.650,95%CI 2.925~54.714,P=0.001)是AVF使用寿命短的危险因素。Kaplan-Meier分析结果显示,合并糖尿病MHD患者AVF使用寿命明显短于未合并糖尿病的MHD患者(Log-rankχ2=13.191,P<0.001);低白蛋白血症的MHD患者AVF使用寿命明显短于无低白蛋白血症的MHD患者(Log-rankχ2=13.591,P<0.001)。结论糖尿病及低白蛋白血症是AVF使用寿命短的危险因素,应积极制定干预方案,延长AVF的使用寿命。

Influencing factors of the service life of autogenous arteriovenous fistula

Objective To analyze the related factors affecting the use of autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF), and provide a theoretical basis for prolonging the service life of AVF in hemodialysis patients. Methods This was a retrospective study. The patients undergoing AVF and using it to maintain hemodialysis (MHD) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from October 2004 to June 2017 were selected as study subjects to discuss the relevant factors affecting the service life of AVF. The data of general information, dialysis and laboratory examinations were collected through questionnaire surveys, hospital case system and hemodialysis record sheets. The patients were divided into the patency group and the dysfunction group according to the status of AVF, and the related factors were compared. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the influencing factors, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to determine the service life of AVF, respectively. Results A total of 187 subjects were included in the study. The patency group had 140 cases and the dysfunction group had 47 cases. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of diabetes, the level of serum albumin, uric acid and parathyroid hormone (PTH) between the two groups (all P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that diabetes (HR=9.348, 95%CI 3.507-24.918, P＜0.001) and hypoalbuminemia (HR=12.650, 95%CI 2.925-54.714, P=0.001) were risk factors for the short service life of AVF. The results of Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the service life of AVF in patients with diabetes was significantly shorter than that in MHD patients without diabetes (Log-rank χ2=13.191, P＜0.001); the service life of AVF in patients with hypoalbuminemia was significantly shorter than that without hypoalbuminemia (Log-rank χ2=13.591, P＜0.001). Conclusions Diabetes mellitus and hypoalbuminemia are risk factors for the short service life of AVF. Therefore, intervention programs should be formulated to extend the service life of AVF.