中国部分农村地区5岁以下儿童家庭暴力管教情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解中国部分农村地区5岁以下儿童遭受家庭暴力管教的情况, 探索其可能的影响因素。方法 基于联合国儿童基金会2016-2020年“母子健康发展综合项目”的基线数据, 将参与该调查的12~59月龄儿童的主要看护人的相关资料纳入分析, 以例(%)的形式描述儿童在过去一个月中遭受各类型家庭暴力管教的情况, 用χ²检验和二分类Logistic回归分别对儿童遭受各类型家庭暴力管教的影响因素进行单因素分析和多因素分析。结果 4 567名看护人中, 有3 317例(72.6%)在过去的一个月中对儿童采取过至少一种类型的暴力管教方式, 采取过心理攻击、体罚和重度体罚的比例分别为2 517(55.1%)、2 884(63.1%)和521(11.4%)。月龄越大的儿童、留守儿童、主要看护人为母亲的儿童、主要看护人支持体罚的儿童更易遭受家庭暴力管教(P<0.05)。结论 中国农村地区5岁以下儿童遭受家庭暴力管教情况十分普遍, 为保障其未来的全面发展, 应就高危儿童开展针对性干预。

Study on domestic violent discipline and its influencing factors for children under 5 years old in some rural areas of China

Objective To describe the situation of domestic violent discipline experienced by children under 5 years old in rural China, and to explore its possible influencing factors. Methods Based on the baseline data of the 2016-2020 Integrated Maternal and Child Health Development Project sponsored by UNICEF, relevant data of the primary caregivers for children aged 12-59 months who participated in the survey were collected for analysis.The different types of domestic violent disciplines experienced by children last month were described in the form of the rate, and the Chi-squared test and binary Logistic regression model were used separately to conduct univariate analysis and multivariate analysis on the influencing factors of children suffering from different types of domestic violent disciplines. Results Among 4 567 caregivers, 3 317(72.6%) had used at least one type of violent discipline against children over the past month, and the prevalence of psychological aggression, physical punishment and severe physical punishment were 2 517(55.1%), 2 884(63.1%) and 521(11.4%), respectively.The clild, who was older or left behind, or whose primary caregiver was the mother or supported physical punishment, was more likely to experience domestic violent discipline(P＜0.05). Conclusions It is very common for children under 5 years old in rural China to experience domestic violent discipline.To ensure the comprehensive development of children in the future, targeted interventions should be conducted for these high-risk children.