中国东北某医院2014─2017年间斜视住院患者斜视类型分布变化

目的：根据中国东北地区某医院眼科收集的数据，评估所有年龄阶段斜视住院患者的斜视类型和数量变化趋势。方法：回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年12月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院眼科住院的斜视患者3 661例的资料。收集患者基本信息、斜视类型以及各种斜视的数量等信息，并观察分析斜视类型分布及斜视数量的变化趋势。组间数据比较采用方差分析、χ2 检验或Fisher确切概率法。 结果：最终纳入3 555例患者，年龄为1～79岁（15.5±11.6）岁，其中3 536例患者行斜视手术治疗。患者数量呈逐年递增趋势，且在每年1、2月份及7、8月份大致达到峰值（χ2 =956.67，P<0.001）。外斜视患者数量（71.8%）明显多于内斜视患者数量（16.0%），差异有统计学意义（χ2 =31.41，P<0.001）， 其中间歇性外斜视是最常见的斜视类型。非调节性内斜视（77.6%）是所有内斜视中最常见的斜视类型。其他特殊类型斜视虽然患者数量较少，但依然有小幅度的上升趋势。在所有年龄阶段患者中， 12岁以下的患者最常见，占总数的56.0%，其中外斜视（71.5%）是最主要的斜视类型。结论：中国东北地区某医院2014─2017年外斜视患者比内斜视患者更常见，且外斜视患者的比例逐年增加，其中间歇性外斜视是最主要的斜视类型。此外12岁以下患者是最常见的患病人群。

Changes in the Kinds of Strabismus among Patients in a Hospital in Northeast China from 2014 to 2017

Objective: To collect data at a local eye hospital in northeast China to assess the strabismus types and numbers among hospitalized patients of all ages. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with strabismus in the ophthalmic hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2014 to December 2017. The collected data included basic patient information, type of strabismus, and the prevalence of various types of strabismus. The distribution of the types of strabismus and the variation in the trends of strabismus in patients were observed and analyzed. The distribution and number of strabismic patients were evaluated by a cross-group comparative analysis of variance, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Among 3 555 strabismus patients aged 1-79 years (15.5±11.6 years) during these four years, 3 536 patients had strabismus surgery; the number of patients increased year by year and peaked in the months of January, February, July and August (χ2 =956.67, P<0.001). Meanwhile, the amount of exotropia surgery performed (71.8%) was significantly higher than that for esotropia (16.0%, χ2 =31.41, P<0.001), and intermittent exotropia was the most common type of strabismus. Non-accommodative esotropia (77.6%) was the most common type of strabismus in all patients with esotropia. Although the number of special types of strabismus patients was small, there was still a small upward trend during the four years. Among patients of all ages, patients under the age of 12 years were the most common, accounting for 56.0% of the total. Of these, exotropia (71.5%) was the most prominent type of strabismus. Conclusions: Exotropia is more common than esotropia surgery in a hospital in northeast China. During these years, the proportion of exotropia increased gradually, while the proportion of esotropia did not change significantly. Intermittent exotropia is the most prevalent type of strabismus. In addition, patients under the age of 12 years are the most common cases among all age groups.