微量元素对妊娠和胚胎发育的影响

微量元素参与人体许多生理过程,对妇女妊娠和胚胎发育至关重要,其缺乏或过量均可增加妊娠并发症的发病风险,并影响胚胎正常发育。如铁缺乏常引起缺铁性贫血,增加孕产妇感染概率并影响胎儿大脑发育;孕妇血清锌浓度降低与妊娠期糖尿病和子痫前期的发病风险增加有关,另外,锌缺乏还可导致胎儿体型发育和神经系统发育受损;母体锰暴露会损害胎儿神经系统发育;孕妇血清铜浓度过低与多种不良妊娠结局有关,包括自然流产、胎儿生长受限、胎膜早破等;硒缺乏同样与妊娠期糖尿病和子痫前期的发病风险增加密切关联,但过量摄入硒会导致脐带血脂质水平升高。综述微量元素对妊娠和胚胎发育的影响可规避妊娠风险,并对促进胚胎的正常发育具有重要的临床意义。

Effects of Trace Elements on Pregnancy and Fetal Development

Trace elements,involved in many physiological processes in human body,are important to pregnancy and fetal development.The lack or excess of trace elements can increase the risk of pregnancy complications and affect normal fetal development.For instance,iron deficiency can result in iron-deficiency anemia(IDA),increasing the risk of maternal infection and fetal brain development impairment.Decreased maternal serum zinc level is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and pre-eclampsia(PE),as well as abnormal body and nervous system development of fetus.Maternal exposure to manganese can impair the fetal nervous system development.Low copper concentration in maternal serum is related to a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes,including spontaneous abortion,fetal growth restriction(FGR),premature rupture of membranes(PROM),etc.Selenium deficiency is also closely associated with an increased risk of GDM and PE,however,excess selenium intake can lead to increased lipid level in umbilical cord blood.Reviewing the effects of trace elements on pregnancy and fetal development can devote a great deal of clinical significance to avoiding the pregnancy risk and promoting fetal normal development as well.