中小城市老年护理需求与自护能力的研究

目的 探讨中小城市老年人护理需求与自护能力的现状及相关性.方法 采用自制老年护理需求量表与自护能力评定量表对湖北省荆门市592名社区老年人进行问卷调查并进行相关及回归分析.结果 老年人护理需求得分为13～73分,平均(49.80±10.29)分,自护能力得分为28～140分,平均(91.35±20.38)分,分别占其总分的62.25％和53.11％.年龄、社区健康教育、经济主要来源、教育程度、有无保险是老年护理需求的影响因素(P＜0.05).教育程度、年龄和居住状况是影响老年人自护能力的影响因素(P＜0.05).老年人护理需求与自护能力呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),自护动机和自我概念是护理需求的影响因素(P＜0.05).结论 老年人护理需求较高,自护能力较差,社区卫生服务人员应帮助老年人提高自护水平,从而提高老年人健康状况.

Study on elderly nursing demands and self-care abilities in small and medium-sized cities

Objective To probe into the current situation and correlation of old people′s nursing demands and self-care abilities in small and medium-sized cities.Methods 592 community elderly people in Jingmen city were conducted the questionnaire investigation by the self-made old people′s nursing demands scale and the self-care abilities scales.The correlation and regression analysis were performed.Results The scores were 13-73（49.80±10.29） in nursing demands,28-140（91.35±20.38）in self-care abilities,which respectively accounted for 62.25% and 53.11% of the total scores.Age,community healthcare education,main source of income,education degrees and insurance were the influencing factors of old people′s nursing demands（P〈0.05）.Educational status,age and living condition were the factors influencing old people′s self-care abilities（P〈0.05）.There was the negative correlation between nursing demands and self-care abilities（P〈0.05）.Furthermore,the self-care motivation and self-concept were the influential factors of nursing demands（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Old people have relatively higher nursing demands and poorer self-care abilities.Community health staff should help old people to improve the self-care abilities so as to increase their health state.