29 277例神经与精神疾病患者的医院感染流行病学调查

目的 了解神经与精神疾病专科医院内医院感染的流行病学特点，评价医院感染的控制措施。方法 对某院1996～2002年的29277例神经精神疾病住院患者进行回顾性调查，对各科室的医院感染发病率、感染部位分布、易感相关因素和病原微生物分布结果进行比较。结果 精神科医院感染发病率为4．60％，高于神经科(3．22％)，老年精神科发病率最高，为7．20％。各科室在医院感染部位分布、易感相关因素和病原微生物分布上均明显不同。结论 神经与精神疾病专科医院的医院感染的发生与患者年龄、基础疾病、住院时间、侵袭性诊疗操作、抗菌药物使用、住院环境密切相关。精神科特殊的病房管理模式、抗精神病药物应用和住院时间长等是引起医院感染的主要危险因素。不应忽视对精神病患者尤其是老年精神病患者医院感染的监测。

Epidemiological investigation of 29 277 cases of hospital infection in patients with neuropsychosis

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and control measures of hospital infection in neuropsychic hospitals. Methods Survey of 29 277 cases of neuropsychic patients who were hospitalized between 1996 and 2002 was made retrospectively, hospital infection rate, distribution of infection sites, risk factors and pathogens were compared among different units. Results Hospital infection rate among psychotics and neuropathic patients was 4.60% and 3.22% respectively; senile psychotics reached as high as 7.20% . All the departments were obviously different in infection sites, risk factors and pathogens. Conclusions The hospital infection occurrence in patients in neuropsychic hospitals is closely related to patients' age, underlying diseases,hopitalization time, invasive procedure, usage of antipsychotic drugs and hospital environment. The monitoring of psychotics, especially the senile patients, should not be neglected.