单侧固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病5年以上随访的疗效评价

目的 :评价单侧固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合(TLIF)治疗腰椎退行性疾病5年以上随访的临床疗效。方法:对2007年3月至2009年10月采用单侧椎弓根螺钉联合经椎间孔椎间融合治疗的24例腰椎退行性疾病患者进行回顾性分析,其中男13例,女11例;年龄34~68岁,平均52岁。采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估患者术前、术后疼痛情况,Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价疗效,通过影像学测量不同部位椎间隙高度,并评估末次随访时椎体间融合情况,观察相关并发症。结果:24例患者均获随访,时间访5~8年,平均6.7年。VAS腰痛评分由术前的7.82±0.71下降到末次随访时的1.87±0.81(P0.05),VAS腿痛评分由术前的8.42±1.24下降到末次随访时的2.23±1.62(P0.05)。ODI由术前的(53.42±8.26)%下降到末次随访时的(12.45±7.67)%(P0.05)。术后手术节段不同部位的椎间隙高度均较术前提高(P0.05),但是末次随访时手术节段椎间隙高度较术后3个月相比下降(P0.05)。术后不同时间点手术侧椎间隙高度与对侧高度比较,差异无统计学意义,但是末次随访时手术对侧椎间隙高度丢失程度较大。末次随访时椎体间总融合率为95.8%。通过影像学检查相邻节段退变发生率为45.8%,多裂肌纤维化发生率为8.3%。未发现继发性脊柱侧弯,cage移位及螺钉松动、断裂等情况。结论:在严格把握手术适应证的前提下,单侧固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合术作为腰椎退行性疾病的一种治疗方法,5年以上随访疗效满意。但是单侧固定存在手术侧椎间隙高度的丢失及相邻节段退变等问题,需进一步临床研究去证实。

Effect evaluation of over 5-year follow-up of unilateral pedicle screw fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative diseases

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of over 5-year follow-up of unilateral pedicle screw fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF) in treating lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods: The clinical data of 24 patients with lumbar degenerative disease underwent unilateral pedicle screw fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion from March 2007 to October 2009, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 11 females, aged from 34 to 68 years old with an average of 52 years. Postoperative pain and functional results were analyzed by the visual analogue scale(VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI). Radiological examination was obtained for each patient to assess the height of intervertebral space, postoperative intervertebral fusion conditions and general complications. Results: All patients were followed up from 5 to 8 years with an average of 6.7 years. VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain decreased from preoperative 7.82±0.71, 8.42±1.24 to postoperative 1.87±0.81, 2.23±1.62, respectively(P < 0.05). ODI decreased from preoperative(53.42±8.26)% to postoperative(12.45±7.67)%(P < 0.05). Postoperative intervertebral space height in different segments were improved than preoperative(P < 0.05), but in final follow-up it was decreased than 3 months after operation(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the postoperative intervertebral space height between the operated side and non-operated side. But at final follow-up, the intervertebral space height of non-operated side was obviously loss. At final follow-up, the fusion rate was 95.8%. The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration was 45.8%. The paraspinal muscle fibrosis incidence was 8.3%. No complications such as secondary scoliosis, intervertebral height loss, cage slippage, screw loosening and internal fixation breakage were found. Conclusion: Unilateral pedicle screw fixation with TLIF is a satisfactory method and can obtain good effects in treating lumbar degenerative diseases according to over 5-year follow-up, however, its indications should be well considered. But the problems such as intervertebral space height of operated side loss and adjacent segment degeneration after unilateral pedicle screw fixation need further clinical study.