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Preprocedural computed tomography before cardiac implanted electronic device lead extraction: Indication,technique, and approach to interpretation
Authors:Robert K Lewis  Wendy L Ehieli  Donald D Hegland  Sean D Pokorney  Hamid Chalian  Reggy Iranmanesh  Lynne M Hurwitz Koweek  Jonathan P Piccini
Abstract:Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) frequently need to be extracted due to infection, hardware failure, and other causes. The extraction of the CIED is typically performed using percutaneous methods. While these procedures are mostly performed without incident there is a small risk of significant complications. Dedicated imaging pre‐CEID removal to include the central veins and heart with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) can be utilized to evaluate the lead course and termination, the integrity of the central veins and cardiac chambers, and identify potential complications that may alter the lead extraction procedure as well as reimplantation of subsequent leads. Indications for preprocedural imaging, the technique of dedicated preprocedural lead extraction MDCT, and the approach to the interpretation of the images is discussed in this review.
Keywords:computed tomography  imaging  implantable cardioverter defibrillator  lead extraction  pacemaker
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