中山市家具制造中小企业外来务工人员生命质量及影响因素分析

【目的】 构建家具制造业外来务工人员生命质量结构方程模型,了解家具制造业外来务工人员生命质量(包括生理与心理健康)现状,探讨各影响因子与生命质量之间的潜在关系,为制定改善外来务工人员生命质量相关政策提供参考依据?【方法】 采取分层抽样方法,从中山市中小微型家具制造企业中共抽取439名工人进行问卷调查?问卷包括一般情况?工作情况?经济情况?劳动保障以及SF-12量表等内容?按照不同人口学特征对工人的生理总评分(PCS)和心理总评分(MCS)得分进行统计描述;以探索性因子从观测变量中提取公因子,构建结构方程模型,探索各因子与生命质量之间的关系? 【结果】 PCS与MCS得分分别为53.1 ± 5.3?53.0 ± 7.4?从工人一般情况中提取的6个公因子为工作经历?劳动保障?工作时长?家庭及经济情况?防护情况?健康风险?各公因子Cronbach′s α系数在0.500 ~ 0.712之间?构建的结构方程模型,χ2/ν为2.837,RMSEA为0.043,CFI为0.947?IFI为0.948,NFI为0.89?反映PCS的4个观测变量中,按标准化路径系数按大小排列,先后为生理职能(0.586)?躯体疼痛(0.527)?生理机能(0.466)?一般健康状况(0.165);反映MCS的4个观测变量中,按标准化路径系数按大小排列,先后为精神健康(0.802)?精力(0.594)?情感职能(0.361)?社会功能(0.357);工作经历?劳动保障?工作时长?防护情况?心理状况对生理状况的标准化路径系数分别为-0.002?-0.123?-0.148?-0.314?0.582;工作经历?劳动保障?工作时长对心理状况的标准化路径系数分别为-0.025?-0.054?-0.254?【结论】 结构方程模型拟合较好,生理职能?躯体疼痛?生理机能是影响外来务工生理健康的主要因素;精神健康?精力是影响心理健康的主要因素;个人防护的使用情况?心理健康是生理健康的主要影响因素?可从加强个人防护?改善心理健康?避免过长工作时间等方面,改善工人的生存质量?

Quality of Life and Predictors of Migrant Workers in Zhongshan Furniture Manufacturing SMEs

【Objective】 To build a structural equation model of the quality of life of the migrant workers of the furniture manufacturing industry, understand of the quality of life of the migrant workers of the furniture manufacturing industry status quo, explore the potential relationship between the factors and the quality of life, provide a reference for the development of relevant policies to improve the quality of life of migrant workers. 【Method】 Stratified sampling method was used to survey in Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 439 migrant workers were interviewed by face to face. Questionnaires including the contents of the general working conditions, economic conditions, labor and social security, as well as the SF-12 scale. Common factors extracted from the observed variables through exploratory factor, analysis, then build a structural equation model to explore the relationship between the various factors and quality of life. 【Results】 PCS and MCS scores were 53.1 ± 5.3, 53.0 ± 7.4. Six common factors extracted from the general situation of migrant workers were work experience, labor and social security, work, family and economic situation, protective case, health risks. The common factor Cronbach＇s α coefficient were between 0.500 to 0.712. The Structural equation model fitting was as follows, χ2/ν(2.837), RMSEA(0.043), CFI(0.947), IFI(0.948), and NFI(0.89). Four observed variables for PCS were role physical(0.586), somatic pain(0.527), physiological functions(0.466), general health status(0.165). Four observed variables for MCS were mental Health(0.802), energy(0.594), emotion functions(0.361), social function(0.357). Standardized path coefficients of work experience, labor and social security, work long, protective case, psychological conditions of physiological conditions were -0.002, -0.123, -0.148, -0.314, and 0.582; standardized path coefficients of Work experience, labor and social security, working hours long on the psychological status were -0.025, -0.054, and -0.254. 【Conclusion】 Structural equation model fitting is good, physical function, bodily pain, physiological function were the main factors to influence the migrant workers physiological health, mental health, energy were the main factors to influence the migrant workers mental health, there was relationship between the use of personal protective, physical health and mental health. So we should enhance personal protection, improve mental health, and avoid too long working hours, improve the quality of life of migrant workers.