广东省口腔癌发病特征的单中心50年收治病例分析

目的：研究广东省口腔癌流行病学特征，探讨口腔癌发病的规律，从而为口腔癌的预防、诊断、治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析中山大学肿瘤防治中心1960—2013年收治的广东地区口腔癌患者资料，符合要求的病例4097例，使用SPSS 16.0进行统计学分析。结果口腔癌患者男女比例约为2∶1，且略呈下降趋势。口腔癌高发于45～64岁，并且老年患者所占比例逐渐上升。口腔癌主要发病部位是舌，舌癌主要发病部位是舌侧缘。口腔癌的病理类型以鳞癌为主。口腔癌患者中O型血型所占比例明显小于正常人群中O型血型所占比例。潮汕地区的男女比例高于广府地区和客家地区，广府地区的发病年龄高于客家和潮汕。珠三角地区的男女比例低于非珠三角地区，而发病年龄高于后者。结论在广东地区口腔癌筛查过程中，应当更加注意中老年、男性、非O型血型者；加大宣传，鼓励来自特殊地区的居民改变相应的不良生活习惯。

A 50 years' single-center analysis of epidemiologic characteristics of oral cancer in Guangdong Province

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of oral cancer and the pattern of the onset of oral cancer, in order to provide references for preventing and monitoring the development of oral cancer. Methods The information of 4 097 oral cancer patients who came from Guangdong province treated in the Sun Yat?Sen University Cancer center from 1960 to 2013 was retrospectively analyzed. SPSS 21.0 was used for the statistical analyses. Results The male?to?female ratio among oral cancer patients was approximately 2∶1 and this ratio decreased over time. Oral cancer mostly occurred in patients between 45 to 64 years, and the percentage of elderly patients gradually increased over time. The most common location was the tongue especially lateral tongue. The pathological type of oral cancer was mainly squamous cell carcinoma. The percentage of O blood type in oral cancer patients was significantly lower than that in the normal population. The male?to?female ratio in the Chaoshan area was higher than that in the Guangfu area and the Hakka area, whereas the age of disease onset in the Guangfu area was higher than that in the Hakka and Chaoshan areas. The male?to?female ratio was lower and the age of disease onset was higher in the Pearl River Delta region than in the non?Pearl River Delta region. Conclusion During the process of screening for oral cancer, more attention should be paid to the middle?aged and elderly, males, and non?O blood type individuals. In addition, propaganda should be strengthened to encourage residents to change bad living habits.