Image and performance enhancing drug use among men who have sex with men and women who have sex with women in the UK |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Exchange Station, Liverpool, L2 2QP, United Kingdom;2. School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom;1. Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy;2. Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy;3. IRCCS Foundation Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy;4. Chelsea and Westminster hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;1. School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Australia;2. Centre for Rural Criminology, School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia;3. Deakin Health Ethics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia;4. Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia;5. School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Australia;6. Human Enhancement Drugs Network (HEDN), NSW, Australia;1. Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom;2. School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;3. School of Humanities, Arts, Social Sciences and Education, University of New England, Armidale, Australia;4. School of Business, UNSW, Canberra, Australia;5. Department of Sociology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK;6. Human Enhancement Drugs Network (HEDN), NSW, Australia;7. Anabolic Steroids UK (ASUK), Manchester, UK |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe use of image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW) is rarely studied, with most of this research focused on anabolic androgenic steroid use among MSM. To address this gap, the extent of recent IPED use and the associated factors are explored in a community-recruited sample of MSM and WSWMethodsData from the UK LGBT Sex and Lifestyles Survey was used, which recruited through social-media advertising and community organisations (April-June 2018). Participants were asked if they had taken any IPEDs (e.g. anabolic steroids, growth hormone, hCG, Melanotan, non-prescribed diet pills) in the past 12 months. Factors associated with recent (in past 12 months) IPED use among MSM and WSW were investigated using stepwise binary logistic regression.Results1,658 MSM and 1,507 WSW were included in the analysis. Among MSM, 3.4% (n = 57) had recently taken IPEDs, 60% of those taking IPEDs had used psychoactive drugs. In the multivariable analysis, IPED use among MSM was associated with psychoactive drug use, Viagra use, higher body dissatisfaction, and lower sexual satisfaction. Among WSW, 4.1% (n = 62) had recently taken IPEDs, and 50% of those taking IPEDs had used psychoactive drugs. In the multivariable analysis, IPED use among WSW was associated with being aged 45 years and over, recent STI diagnosis, recent sexual contact without consent, and higher body dissatisfaction.ConclusionIPED use was reported by around 1-in-25 MSM and WSW, and was associated with a number of health and psychological problems. Research to better understand the drivers and impacts of IPED use among MSM and WSW, and how this compares to use among heterosexual people is needed. |
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