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Witnessed resuscitation: A concept analysis
Affiliation:1. University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, 1C Yliopistonranta Street (P.O. Box 1627), 70211 Kuopio, Finland;2. The Medical University of Warsaw Public Central Teaching Clinical Hospital, Poland;3. University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, United States;4. University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Finland;1. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland;2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Poland;3. Department of Anaesthesiological and Intensive Care Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland;4. Department of Anaesthesiology Nursing and Intensive Care, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland;5. Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Centre for Health and Clinical Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1DD, UK;1. Student’s Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;2. Center of Qualitative Studies, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;3. School of Nursing, UNC Charlotte, College of Health and Human Services 428, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, United States;4. Road Traffic Injury Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract:BackgroundThe advance in the practice of resuscitation is globally recognised and fully sanctioned in scientific world. However, practicing family presence during resuscitation, also known as witnessed resuscitation, is yet to be endorsed by healthcare professionals. Many professional nursing and physician organisations have endorsed the practice of witnessed resuscitation by issuing guidelines. These organisations support family presence during resuscitation due to the research proving its benefit for patients and families.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the concept of witnessed resuscitation.MethodA concept analysis was undertaken using Rodger’s (2000) evolutionary method.FindingsThe concept analysis suggests that witnessed resuscitation refers to the presence of a family member or relative during a resuscitation procedure, mostly in emergency and complex critical care areas. The defining attributes are family centred care approach, exercising patients and family rights and autonomy in end of life care decisions and involvement of family as active and passive observers during a resuscitation event.ConclusionClarity surrounding witnessed resuscitation will guide the development of a conceptual framework, expand nursing knowledge and identify the research required to advance understanding of witnessed resuscitation in practice.
Keywords:Witnessed resuscitation  Cardiac arrest  Family presence  Emergency  Critical care  Concept analysis
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