Dynamic joint stiffness of the ankle in chronic ankle instability patients |
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| Institution: | 1. MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States;2. Sports Medicine Research Institute, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, United States;1. Department of Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria;2. Department of Physiotherapy, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Park Lane, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria;1. Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Laboratory of Integrative Motor Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;2. Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;1. University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia;2. University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000, Koper, Slovenia;3. University of Niš, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Čarnojevićeva 10a, 18000, Niš, Serbia;4. InnoRenew CoE, Human Health Department, Livade 6, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia;5. S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Tehnološki Park 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Department of Movement Sciences and Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA;3. Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA;4. Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA;5. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundWhile Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit altered ankle joint movement and moments during stance phase of gait, the interaction or dynamic joint stiffness (DJS) between these is not fully understood. Little attention has been placed on DJS during gait, limiting our understanding of how the most common dynamic task during daily life could affect cartilage loading.Research questionDo Individuals with CAI exhibit altered ankle DJS and mechanical energy exerted at the ankle joint during stance phase of gait?MethodsEighty-four physically active individuals, consisting of 42 individuals with CAI (12 M and 30 F) and 42 control (12 M and 30 F) participants were recruited in this study. Three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted. The sagittal ankle joint angle and moment during stance phase of walking gait were obtained. Stance phase was divided into three sub-phases: controlled plantarflexion, controlled dorsiflexion, and powered plantarflexion. Ankle DJS was represented by the slope of the joint moment plotted as a function of the joint angle. The coefficient of determination was calculated to determine how accurately data fit a linear model. Net work was calculated by the difference between work produced and absorbed. Further, sex specific exploratory analyses of DJS and work between individuals with and without CAI were conducted.ResultsLower DJS during the controlled plantarflexion (CPF) sub-phase, work produced, and net work was found in the CAI group. Males with CAI exhibited lower ankle moment changes during controlled dorsiflexion (CDF) sub-phase and work absorbed. Females with CAI exhibited lower ankle moment changes during CPF and CDF sub-phases, lower DJS during the CPF sub-phase, and lower net work.SignificanceIndividuals with CAI have alterations in DJS and work relative to uninjured controls. Females with CAI showed greater DJS related alterations, relative to controls, than their male CAI counterparts. |
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| Keywords: | Lateral ankle sprain Chronic ankle instability Dynamic joint stiffness Hysteresis Ankle joint |
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