Pain Instruction with Third- and Fourth-Grade Children: A Pilot Study |
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| Authors: | Ross, Dorothea M. Ross, Sheila A. |
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| Affiliation: | University of California Medical Center San Francisco, Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation 1All correspondence should be sent to Dorothea M. Ross, 312 Concord Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025 |
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| Abstract: | Third- and fourth-grade children (n = 28) participated in a20-lesson pain program covering a diversity of topics includingthe early warning value of pain, pain issues, hospitalization,maladaptive usage of pain, improving the child's perspectiveon needle procedures, and training in cognitive coping strategies.Within the small-group format, direct teaching, symbolic modeling,role play, discussion, and debate were used to teach the program.A comparison ofpre- and postprogram test scores provided unequivocalevidence (p < .001) that the children could increase theirknowledge and understanding of pain when given an instructionprogram of this type. The immediate and long-term potentialbenefits that might reasonably accrue to the participants werediscussed |
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| Keywords: | children pain instruction program elementary school. |
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