无偿献血者血液感染HBV/HCV/HIV的两种检测方案比较研究

目的 比较酶联免疫法（ELISA）对无偿献血者血液HBsAg/抗HCV/HIV/Ag/Ab阳性检出率及核酸分析技术（NAT）对HBV/HCV/HIV阳性检出率,为优化血液安全检测方案提供依据.方法 采用A方案（用两种不同生产厂家的ELISA试剂盒检测HBsAg/抗HCV/HIV/Ag/Ab,无反应性样本再进行NAT HBV/HCV/HIV检测）对2011年1月-2013年7月采集的198 783例无偿献血者血样进行检测;采用B方案（用1种ELISA试剂盒检测HBsAg/抗HCV/HIV/Ag/Ab,无反应性样本再进行NAT HBV/HCV/HIV检测）对2013年8月-12月采集的34 577例无偿献血者血样进行检测,运用统计学方法分析A,B两种检测方案的阳性检出率.结果 A方案的ELISA阳性检出率（1.32％）高于B方案的ELISA阳性检出率（0.76％）（χ^2=75.291,P＜0.05）;A方案的总阳性检出率（1.45％）高于B方案的总阳性检出率（0.92％）（χ^2=61.016,P＜0.05）;A方案ELISA检测的阳性检出率（1.32％）高于B方案总体阳性检出率（0.92％）（χ^2=38.986,P＜0.05）.结论 采用A方案对无偿献血者血液感染HBV/HCV/HIV进行检测的阳性检出率较高,能够较好地保证血液安全,但会增加检测成本和工作量.

Comparative Study on Two Detection Scheme of Voluntary Blood Donors Infected HBV/HCV/HIV

Objective To comparatively analyse the pasitive rates of HBsAg/anti HCV/and HIV/Ag/Ab of voluntary blood donors blood with ELISA and the positive rates of （NAT） HBV/HCV/HIV DNA（RNA） with nucleic acid detection,in or der to provide evidence for the selection of safe and efficient blood tests.Methods The test results of 198 783 cases were collected by the A scheme （the negative samples were tested by NAT after detected by test of two ELISA reagents that were from different manufacturers） between January,2011 to July,2013.The test results of 34 577 cases were collected by the B scheme （the negtive samples were tested by NAT after detected by test of one ELISA reagent） between August to December in 2013.Statistical analysis of A,the positive rate of B detection scheme.Results The ELISA positive rate of the A scheme was higher than that of the B scheme （χ^2 =75.291,P〈0.05）.The overall positive rate of the A scheme was higher than that of the B scheme （χ^2 =61.016,P〈0.05）.The ELISA positive rate of the A scheme was higher than the overall positive rate of the B scheme （χ^2 =38.986,P〈0.05）.Conclusion The blood infection positive rate of HBV/HCV/HIV was higher by using the A scheme for the detection of blood donors,but it would increase the cost and workload.