2007-2011年中国儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率的分析

摘要:目的　描述2007-2011年我国儿童整体血铅水平、铅中毒率及分布特征。方法　本研究通过计算机检索2007-2012年公开发表的关于儿童血铅水平和（或）铅中毒率研究的论文，依照时间挑选出2007-2011年的文献按年份分类整理。对27省（市）88万多人做了调查研究。结果　2007-2011年我国儿童血铅水平（μg/L）分别是:68.62、59.13、53.36、66.56和46.56，平均血铅水平58.88 μg/L；而相应的儿童铅中毒率（%）分别是:19.56、11.56、12.67、10.41和7.27，平均铅中毒率是12.29%。结果说明，2007-2011年我国0～5岁儿童的血铅水平和铅中毒率随着年龄的增加而升高，尽管6岁组与5岁组相比，血铅水平及铅中毒率有所降低，但仍高于其他年龄组；同样，除2010年的儿童血铅水平比2008和2009年有所增加外，2007-2011年儿童血铅水平和铅中毒率随着年份的增加呈降低趋势。此外，经Meta分析发现，2007-2011年儿童铅中毒率和血铅水平也呈现明显的性别分布特征和地区分布特征。结论　2007-2011年我国儿童血铅水平和铅中毒率仍然较高，预防儿童铅中毒仍然是我国今后应当重视的医学问题和社会问题。

Blood lead levels and lead poisoning rates of children in China, 2007-2011

Abstract: Objective To describe blood lead levels (BLLs) and the lead poisoning rates (LPRs) of Chinese children in 2007-2011, and describe their distributional characteristics. Methods The existing studies on children's BLLs and LPRs in 2007-2012 were retreived through Chinese Biomedical Disc or other ways, and the papers with study time between 2007 and 2011 were selected. These work studied more than 880, 000 people in 27 provinces (or cities). Results The mean BLLs of Chinese children in 2007-2011 were 68.62, 59.13, 53.36, 66.56 and 46.56 (μg/L), respectively, and the average blood lead level was 58.88μg/L in the recent five years. The LPRs of children between 2007 and 2011 were 19.56, 11.56, 12.67, 10.41 and 7.27 (%), respectively, and the average LPR was 12.29% in the recent five years. The BLLs and LPRs of Chinese children aged 0-5 increase with the age in 2007-2011, and the two indices have a decreasing trend, while compared with the previous two years, the BLLs in 2010 is larger. Besides, the BLLs and LPRs presents obvious gender variation. Meta-analysis shows that there are noticeable gender and regional variations for BLLs and LPRs in 2007-2011. Conclusion Chlildren's BLL and LPR in China is higher in the world and preventing the children lead poisoning is still a medical and social problem that our country should be paid attention to in the future.