前房注射衣霉素建立大白兔慢性青光眼模型

目的　本实验采用衣霉素（ｔｕｎｉｃａｍｙｃｉｎ，Ｔｍ）前房注射，利用其对大白兔小梁细胞的过度应激致凋亡作用，旨在建立一种新型的高眼压模型。方法　选择６～８周健康新西兰大白兔２２只，通过前房注射衣霉素建立慢性青光眼模型，将大鼠行右眼前房注射４μｇ衣霉素（实验组），其左眼前房注射等量溶剂作为对照；术后３ｄ、５ｄ、１周、２周、３周、４周、５周、６周用ＴＯＮＯ-ＰＥＮＡＶＩＡ眼压计检测眼压，并观察眼部一般情况及术后并发症。分批处死大白兔，取材做石蜡切片并行ＨＥ染色观察视网膜各层结构改变。数据采用ＳＰＳＳ１４．０统计软件进行统计学处理。结果　术前大白兔双眼眼压值差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），具有可比性。１次注射后，８只大白兔造模成功，成功率为３６．３６％（８／２２）；２周后，给予２次注射后，２次注射造模成功率为６８．１８％（１５／２２）。术后３ｄ、５ｄ、１周、２周、３周、４周双眼眼压比较，右眼眼压明显高于左眼，差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）；术后５周、６周双眼眼压比较差异亦均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５），但左眼高于右眼。病理检查结果显示:高眼压者（实验组）神经节细胞-视网膜神经纤维层及视神经损害，并随时间延长而进一步加重，眼压不高的实验组及对照组眼球病理改变不明显。对照组和实验组的视网膜神经节细胞、内丛状层厚度分别为（７４．３８±７．２７）μｍ和（５８．４１±８．２９）μｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；视网膜神经纤维层厚度分别为（９２．５９±１０．２１）μｍ和（７４．６２±１１．６５）μｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论　前房注射衣霉素，能诱发大鼠眼压升高，但眼压升高幅度不等、维持时间长短不一、成功率较低，２次注射能显著提高造模成功率；大白兔高眼压模型出现了明显的眼球结构改变以及视网膜神经纤维层及视神经损害。

Establishment of chronic glaucoma rabbit model by injecting tunicamycin to anterior chamber

Objective To establish the chronic glaucoma rabbit model by injecting tunicamycin ( Tm ) to anterior chamber with excessive endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) stress in trabecular cells. Methods An glaucoma animal model was established by anterior chamber injection in 22 healthy Wistar rabbits with six weeks to eight weeks old. The right eyes were injected by 4 Vg Tm ( experimental group ) , whereas the left eyes with same volume BBS as control. Intraocular pressure ( IOP) was tested by TONO-PEN AVIA tonometer at postoperative 3 days , 5 days, I week,2 weeks , 3 weeks , 4 weeks.5 weeks,6 weeks. anterior chamber flare and complications were observed at the same time. The rabbits selected randomly in every group were sacrificed. Tissue was harvested from the wall of the eyeball and pathological section was made , then was stained with HE to observe the layers of retinal structure. The data was analyzed statistically by SPSS 14. 0 for windows. Results There was no statistical difference in preoperative IOP between right eyes and left eyes ( P > 0. 05 ) . The models in 8 rabbits were established after once injection,the successful rate was 36. 36% ;The successful rate of the secondary injection was 68. 18% . IOP in right eyes were obviously higher than those in left eyes at postoperative 3 days,5 days , I week,2 weeks . 3 weeks .4 weeks ( all P < 0. 01) . At postoperative 5 weeks.6 weeks.IOP in left eyes were higher than that in the right eye ( all P < 0. 05 ) . The pathological exanunation showed that the retinal ganglion cell-nerve fiber layer and optic nerve damaged in the rabbits with high IOP,which aggravated with the time prolonging, and these changes in the rabbits without high IOP was not obvious. The retinal ganglion cell-inner ple)aform layer thickness in the control group and experimental group were ( 74. 38 +7. 27) ym and (58. 41 + 8. 29 ) ym (P < 0. 01 ) ,retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were ( 92. 59 + 10. 21 ) pm and ( 74. 62 + 11. 65 ) ym (P < 0. 01) . Conclrision An elevated IOP animal model can be established by anterior chamber injection of Tm in rabbit. But the elevated IOP have the different values and maintained time with low successful rat, and the secondary injection can improve the successful rate;The elevated IOP can change the eyeball structure and damage the retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve.