肾细胞癌免疫治疗的研究进展

肾细胞癌（renal cell carcinoma, RCC）是成年男性常见的恶性肿瘤, 其发病率和死亡率排名均较前。免疫治疗能够激活机体免疫系统产生对肿瘤的反应使疾病稳定，但高剂量不良反应限制了其在临床的广泛应用。而靶向药物的兴起让肾癌患者治疗方式向靶向治疗转变。随着对肾癌临床治疗方式的不断深入研究，发现单纯的免疫或靶向治疗难以得到令人满意的疗效。因此有学者提出肾细胞癌的治疗应该向免疫联合靶向治疗方向转变。本文旨在对当前肾细胞癌相关免疫治疗的临床研究作一综述，以期为临床肾细胞癌的免疫治疗提供一定的理论依据。

Updates of Immunotherapy on Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC) is a common malignancy in adult males which has a high incidence and mortality rate. Immunotherapy is initially intended to activate the immune system to induce objective responses and disease stabilization. However, the high dose treatment has severe adverse effects which limit its clinical application. The development of targeted therapy turns out to be a novel approach for RCC therapy. Nevertheless, further investigations have demonstrated that single-agent therapy with either immune or targeted agents are difficult to achieve satisfied outcomes. Thus, future direction is to combine the use of immune and targeted drugs. This article briefly reviews the basic immunology research which allows readers to comprehensively compare and contrast different immunotherapy approaches on RCC.