黔南少数民族地区受艾滋病影响儿童现况调查

摘要:目的　了解黔南布依族、苗族自治州受艾滋病影响儿童生活现况，掌握其生活、就学和教育情况及健康状况，找出影响他们生活质量的主要因素，为进一步干预提供科学依据。方法　采用贵州省统一设计的调查问卷，对未满18岁的受艾滋病影响儿童及其监护人进行访谈，内容包括生活、教育、医疗、社会救助等四方面情况。结果　调查HIV感染者子女314人，252个家庭，分布在我州12个县（市）；HIV/AIDS 18人，占5.73%，非HIV/AIDS 296人，占94.27%，儿童平均年龄8.72岁。抚养人90%以上为初中以下文化程度，农民占69.75%；人年人均收入3 868元，低于我州农民人均纯收入，且40个家庭年人均收入低于1 000元（250～20 000）。学校给孩子减免学杂费或学费的仅占27.40%。孩子生病在乡镇以下医疗机构就诊的占71.87%；有基本医疗保险的占83.76%，有一定困难但能承受的占27.39%，很困难但能承受的为29.94%，不能承担的占24.84%。结论　黔南州社会对儿童关注程度较弱，对儿童的支持缺乏全面性和可持续性，政府主导，多部门协作、社会参与，建立并完善涵盖依靠农村、社区、学校建立对受AIDS影响儿童长效的支持体系是艾滋病防控当务之急。

A survey of the impact of AIDS on children in the ethnic minority area of Qiannan Prefecture

Abstract: Objective The study aimed to investigate the conditions of the living, education and health of the children who were under the impact of AIDS in the Bouyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of South Guizhou, and to identify the main problems which have negative impact on their quality of living. This could be used as the scientific reference for us to take measures to improve the conditions. Methods The data were collected using the provincial officially designated questionnaire, which includes four aspects of life, education, healthcare and social aids. 314 children who were under the impact of AIDS and their guardians were interviewed. These children aged 18 or below and they were from 252 families in the 12 counties of Qiannan Prefecture. Results Among the 314 children, 18 got HIV/AIDS infection and 296 were uninfected, accounting for 5.73% and 94.27%, respectively, whose average age was 8.27. 90% of the guardians' educational level were under junior middle school. 69.75% of them were peasants. Their annual income was 3, 868 yuan, which was lower than the average of the peasants in Qiannan Prefecture. Furthermore, the annual income of 40 families was less than 1, 000 yuan. However, schools that implemented the policy of tuition and fees waiver only accounted for 27.4%. 71.87% of these children went to the community medical institutions in the rural areas when they got ill. 83.76% of them had basic health insurance. 27.39% of them were able to afford the medical expenses and 29.94% of them could ill afford it, but 24.84% of them were unable to afford it. Conclusion The attention and care given to the children were still weak, incomplete and discontinuous. We should give greater attention to these children and continue to support them all-around. In order to control and prevent AIDS, it is imperative for us to establish and complete the support systems covering the countryside, communities and schools for the children affected by AIDS, depending on the leading of the government and the cooperation of different departments and public participation.