早产儿对乙肝、脊灰、麻疹疫苗基础免疫应答及不良反应研究

目的探讨早产儿接种乙肝、脊灰、麻疹疫苗后的免疫效果及不良反应发生率。方法选择2010-2013年在咸宁市疾控中心接种门诊建证接种疫苗共105例早产儿为观察组,同时随机选择同期足月儿105例为对照组,比较两组新生儿接种乙肝、脊灰、麻疹疫苗后72h不良反应及异常反应发生率,应用酶联免疫法对二组儿童在完成三种疫苗全程免疫后1~2月进行免疫成功率检测。结果二组儿童接种三种疫苗72h不良反应:乙肝和麻疹疫苗主要发热和局部红肿,脊灰苗主要是发热和腹泻。乙肝、脊灰、麻疹疫苗免疫成功率分别为85.71%、89.52%和88.10%。结论早产儿与足月儿一样,对乙肝疫苗、脊灰疫苗和麻疹疫苗具有良好的免疫应答反应,接种乙肝疫苗、脊灰和麻疹疫苗的不良反应发生率与足月儿无明显差异。

Study on premature infants' immune response and adverse reaction to hepatitis B,polio and measles vaccination.

Objective To discuss the immune effect and the adverse reaction incidence of the premature infants after hepatitis B,Polio and Measles vaccination. Method 105 premature infants vaccinated in the vaccination clinic of Xianning Center for Disease Control and Prevention between 2010 and 2013 were selected as observation group,while another 105 full-term infants were chosen as control group.The incidence of adverse reactions and abnormal responses were compared 72 hours after the two groups of newborn babies were inoculated with hepatitis B,polio and measles vaccines,and the immune success rates with ELISA one or two months after the three types vaccination were tested. Result The adverse reactions to the vaccination after 72 hours: hepatitis B and measles vaccination may cause fever and local swelling,polio vaccination may cause fever and diarrhea.The immune success rates of hepatitis B,polio and measles vaccines were 85.71%,89.52%,88.10% respectively. Conclusion Same as the full-term infants,the premature babies have good immune responses to hepatitis B,polio and measles vaccines.There is no significant difference in the incidences of adverse reactions to the three vaccines between full-term infants and premature babies.