陕西西部农村学龄早期儿童智力发育水平及其影响因素研究

目的了解陕西西部农村学龄早期儿童智力发育水平及影响因素,以期为提高该人群智力发育的政策制定提供参考依据。方法 2013-2014年采用现场询问的方法对前期参与"中国西部农村新生儿低出生体重的微营养素干预研究"项目的人群进行一对一上门随访其社会经济基本情况,采用《韦氏量表》对儿童智力进行评估。结果共调查儿童1 621人,年龄范围7~10岁。智力发育标化总分为89.9,男童(90.6)高于女童(88.8)。男童语言理解指数(89.5)和知觉推理指数(95.1)高于女童(86.0,90.5);女童工作记忆指数(97.5)高于男童(94.9)。影响儿童智力的因素包括:性别、家长学历、儿童学校、分娩方式等。结论陕西西部农村地区儿童学龄早期智力发育水平整体偏低。纠正性别观念和提升家长文化程度可消除该地区儿童智力发育性别差异并提高其整体智力水平。

Study on intelligence development and influence factors of early school-aged children in western Shaanxi rural areas.

Objective To demonstrate the intelligence development status and their influence factors of early school-aged children in western Shaanxi rural areas.Methods The children whose mothers had participated in the project "Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation during Pregnancy" were recruited from 2013 to 2014.Household social-demographic feature were collected by face to face interview.Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-Ⅳ) was used to evaluate the children's intelligence quotient (IQ).Results A total of 1 621 children were included in the study.The mean of age-adjusted Full Scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was 89.9.Boys' scale (90.6) was higher than that of girls' (88.8) with significant difference.The means of boys' verbal comprehension index (89.5) and verbal comprehension index (95.1) were higher than those of girls' (86.0,90.5),while girls had higher score of working memory index(97.5 vs 94.9).The factors associated with children's IQ included gender,education level of their parents',education resource and delivery mode.Conclusions Children's IQ in western Shaanxi rural areas is significantly lower than the national average level.Childrens' mental development could be promoted by change parents' traditional view and improve their educational level.