呼和浩特地区学龄前儿童肥胖现状及危险因素分析

目的调查呼和浩特市学龄前(3~6岁)儿童肥胖症的发生率及生活方式、饮食习惯等因素与儿童肥胖的关系,为制定儿童肥胖干预策略提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,随机抽取呼和浩特地区6所幼儿园的2 800名在园儿童进行体格检查、身高和体重的测量,以WHO规定的标准体重加2s作为肥胖的判断标准。同时对这些儿童进行生活方式、运动情况和饮食习惯等的问卷调查,分析引起儿童肥胖可能的危险因素。结果呼和浩特地区学龄前儿童超重率为15.3%,肥胖率为19.29%。其中男童肥胖率(23.8%)高于女童肥胖率(14.6%);城市儿童肥胖率(22.7%),高于农村肥胖率(13.6%);3~6岁各年龄组儿童肥胖发生率差异无统计学意义。分析显示:母亲孕期体重增长过高、高出生体重、人工喂养、父母超重、爱吃零食、喜吃肉类、常食用快餐食物,进食速度快、运动少及玩电脑看电视时间过长是儿童肥胖的危险因素。结论呼和浩特地区学龄前儿童肥胖率较高,儿童肥胖的发生与家庭环境、饮食习惯及遗传等因素密切相关,应加强早期干预,控制儿童肥胖的发生。

Situation and risk factors analysis of preschoolers obesity in Hohhot

Objective To investigate the incidence of obesity and the relationship between Hohhot preschoolers lifestyle,eating habits and childhood obesity,and provide evidences of obesity intervention strategy in pre-school children. Methods The method of stratified cluster sampling randomly was used to 2 800 selecte children in Hohhot physical measurements,height and weight.These children lifestyle,movement and eating habits of questionnaires were used to analyze the possible causes of childhood obesity risk factors. Results Hohhot overweight preschool children was 15.3%,obesity was 19.29%.Boy obesity was 23.8% which was higher than the rate of obese girls (14.6%);Urban childhood obesity rate was 22.7%,higher than the rural areas 13.6%;The incidence of childhood obesity in 3~6 years old age groups had no significant difference.Analysis showed:the too high mother weight gain was during pregnancy,high birth weight,artificial feeding,parental overweight,eat snacks,like eat meat,often eat fast foods,eating fast,exercise less time watching television and playing computer too long were children obesity risk factors. Conclusion Rates of obesity in preschool children is higher in this region,the incidence of childhood obesity is closely associated with the family environment,diet and genetic factors,early intervention should be strengthened to control children obesity.