感染SARS-CoV-2后咳嗽的潜在靶点和中医药治疗策略

自2022年12月7日，国内实施解除新冠疫情防控封闭管理措施以来，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2,SARS-CoV-2)Omicron变异株BA.5.2和BF.7是我国现阶段流行的主要毒株。咳嗽是SARS-CoV-2感染引起的主要症状之一，不仅对感染者的肺部和上呼吸道产生损伤，感染者咳嗽排出的病毒、液体等形成气溶胶，也成为病毒快速传播的媒介。此外，咳嗽还是新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19）康复后的后遗症之一。当前针对Omicron变异株诱发的上呼吸道感染后咳嗽，尚无特效治疗药物，而中药治疗咳嗽具有悠久的历史。通过对SARS-CoV-2感染后咳嗽的发生机制、潜在治疗靶点及临床和基础研究中疗效明显的镇咳类中药进行综述，为SARSCov-2感染后咳嗽的治疗提供参考，也为广大感染者在医师指导下选择合适的中药缓解咳嗽提供依据。

Potential targets and traditional Chinese medicine treatment strategy of cough after SARS-CoV-2 infection

The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variants BA.5.2 and BF.7 have become the main epidemic strains in China since the quarantine policy was lifted in 7th December 2022. Cough is one of the main symptoms induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated cough injuries the lung and upper respiratory tract, while the infected people cough out virus and liquid which forms virus-containing aerosols, a medium for quickly spreading. Furthermore, cough is one of primary sequelae of discharged patients in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). By now, there are no efficacious drugs for treatment of upper respiratory tract infection associated cough induced by omicron. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history on treating cough. By reviewing the mechanisms of the occurrence of cough after SARS-CoV-2 infection, potential therapeutic targets and cough suppressant herbs with significant efficacy in clinical and basic research, we provide a reference for the treatment of cough after SARS-Cov-2 infection and a basis for the majority of infected patients to select appropriate herbs for cough relief under guidance of physicians.