四个农村地区人群伤害调查

目的 了解不同类别伤害发生和流行水平,以及伤害发生、致残和死亡的比例。方法使用问卷调查表,随机抽样,对4个农村社区2万家庭的人群进行询问调查,回顾2002年2月15日至8月14日半年时间内在家的家庭成员伤害发生、流行、致残和死亡及相关危险因素。结果 观察人群中,伤害的年发生率和流行率分别为65.1‰和69.2‰,每100例伤害中,有6例发生功能障碍和残疾,1例死亡。跌倒、动物致伤、撞击挤压伤、切刺伤、交通事故、烧烫伤、中毒等是最常见的伤害原因。0～14岁儿童中动物致伤为第一位原因,淹溺发生率高于其他人群;15～34岁人群中交通意外事故发生率最高;>60岁人群,跌伤是主要的原因,并导致较高的残疾。结论 根据全国疾病监测系统报告数据,估计中国农村每年有59.2万人伤害死亡,这就意味着每年有5920万伤害病例,其中有349万人因伤害发生残疾,每例伤害病例平均误工5.7天,这带来的社会和经济损失是非常严重的。伤害死亡谱和发病谱不完全相同,针对不同的目标人群和伤害原因发展干预策略是十分必要的。

Survey on injury in four rural communities in China

Objective To understand the incidence and prevalence by causes of injury, and theproportion of different causes of deaths, as well as occurrence of disability due to injuries. Methods200 000 families were randomly sampled in 4 rural communities. Questionnaire on occurrence, disability,death of injury and related risk factors for all family members living at home from Feb. 12, 2002 to Aug.12, 2002 were studied. Results The incidence rate and prevalence rate in the observed population were65. 1/1000 and 69. 2/1000, respectively. In every 100 cases of injury there were one death and 6 disabled.Fall, animal bites, striking or crushing, cutting and piercing, road accidents, fire and poisoning were thecommon causes in injury. Animal bites was the leading cause while drawing appeared the highest in childrenaged 0--14. Rate of road accident was the highest in adults aged 15--34, while falls causing higher proportionof disability in population aged over 60. Conclusions Based on the report of National Disease SurvillancePoints System, there were 592 000 death cases of injury in Chinese rural areas every year, meaning 59. 2million cases of injury and 3 490 000 disabled cases every year. Since injury causes serious social andeconomic loss with different orders of incidence and mortality, it is necessary to develop different preventivestrategies on different target populations and different causes accordingly.