三维CT影像学图像及技术优势对脊髓型颈椎病术前评估及辅助制定手术计划的价值

背景:螺旋CT和计算机三维图像技术的出现对评估脊髓型颈椎病术前病理改变,以及选择合适的治疗时机和方法均有重要意义。目的:分析三维CT影像学图像及技术优势在脊髓型颈椎病术前评估及辅助手术计划制定中的作用。设计:回顾性分析,对照观察。单位:南京医科大学附属南京第一医院。对象:南京第一医院2002-01/2005-01收治268例脊髓型颈椎病患者,分为术前评估组146例和对照组122例,两组基线资料有可比性。方法:术前评估组:①CT扫描及三维重建:采用TOSHIBA-HiSpeed/I螺旋机,进行横断位螺旋扫描,扫描后进行标准重建,最后在计算机工作站(Radwork5.1)进行三维重建,相关数据可运用图像分析软件(ADW3.1)进行测量分析。②三维CT辅助手术计划的设计:立体多角度地展现颈椎骨性解剖标志及其相邻结构的解剖关系,提供手术个体化骨性定位标志。对照组:术前常规CT检查,传统的手术方法。主要观察指标:①观察椎体、钩突关节和小关节突骨质增生。②观察椎间盘突出的程度及类型。③观察椎管前后的骨质增生等改变,通过CT仿真椎管镜观察脊髓受压情况。结果:268例进入结果分析。①术前评估组发现椎间盘突出129例、椎体后部缘骨质增生109例、黄韧带肥厚褶起皱61例、后纵韧带钙化27例、小关节突骨质增生31例、椎板增厚29例、椎体滑脱18例;术中所能见到的解剖结构同临床表现与影像发现均相符合;所有患者术中无死亡,无喉返神经损伤、移植骨块移位、感染等并发症。术后6个月复查X射线片示全部病例植骨融合良好,无钛板或螺钉松动或断裂现象。Odom临床疗效评定优良率95.9%。②对照组术后X射线片和CT示24例椎管减压不充分,17例钛板或螺钉位置不满意;Odom临床疗效评定优良率84.4%,低于术前评估组(P<0.05)。结论:术前进行颈椎个性化三维CT检查能对脊髓型颈椎病作出准确、全面的评估,并能辅助制定手术计划,使术中操作更精确安全。

Imageological image and technical advantages of three-dimensional spiral computed tomography in the preoperative evaluation and surgical plan in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

BACKGROUND: The appearances of spiral computer tomograph (CT) and three-dimensional image processing are of very importance for fully evaluating preoperative pathological changes,which represent various cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) in clinic, and choosing proper clinical therapeutic occasion and methods.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of imageological image and technical advantages of three-dimensional spiral CT on the preoperative evaluation and surgical plan of CSM.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis, controlled observation.SETTING: Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University. PARTICIPANTS: Altogether 268 patients with CSM admitted to Nanjing First Hospital from January 2002 to January 2005 were involved in this experiment. The involved patients were randomly assigned into preoperative evaluation group (n =146) and control group (n =122). The baseline materials of two groups were comparable.METHODS:Preoperative evaluation group: ① CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction: Helical scanning was conducted at transverse plane with TOSHIBA-HiSpeed/I screw machine. After scanning, reconstruction was performed finally, three-dimensional reconstruction was conducted on computer workstation (RadworkS. 1 ). Correlative data were measured and analyzed with image analysis software (ADW3.1). ② Design of three-dimensional CT-assisted operation plan: Cervical vertebral osseous anatomic landmark and the anatomic relationship of its adjacent structure were revealed stereoscopically. Individual orthopaedic location marker could be provided. Preoperative routine CT examination was performed in the control group with conventional operation method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The hyperostosis of vertebral body, hamular process joint and small articular process were observed. ②The degree and type of intervertebral disc protrusion were observed. ③The changes of hyperostosis before and behind the vertebral canal. Spinal decompression was observed by CT virtual endoscopy (CT-VE).RESULTS: All the 268 patients participated in the result analysis. ① In the preoperative evaluation group, 129 patients were found with intervertebral disc protrusion, 109 patients with vertebral posterior marginal hyperostosis, 61 patients with hypertrophic ligamentum flavum and corrugation, 27 patients with posterior longitudinal ligament calcification, 31 patients with hyperostosis at small articular process, 29 patients with vertebral plate thickening and 18 patients with vertebral olisthy. The visible anatomical structures were in accord with clinical manifestations and imageological structures. Death, laryngeal nerve injury, bone graft displacement, infection and other complications were not found in all the patients. In the postoperative 6th month, X-ray image showed that all the patients had good bone graft fusion, and no titanic plate or bolt loosening or fragmentation was found. The excellent and good rate evaluated by Odom was 95.9%.② In the control group, postoperative X-ray image and CT showed that vertebral canal decompression of 24 patients was not fully, and the positions of titanic plate or bolt of 17 patients were not satisfying. The excellent and good rate evaluated by Odom (84.4%) in the control group was lower than that in the preoperative evaluation group (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Preoperative observation of cervical vertebral individual three-dimensional CT is helpful to exactly and generally evaluate cervical spondylotic myelopathy and assistantly make operative plan, whick makes intraoperative manipulation more exactive, safer and easier to be controlled.