三叶青名实考辨

三叶青是我国特有珍贵草药,在南方地区特别是长江流域一直广为传用。传统认为三叶青具清热解毒、活血止痛、祛风化痰功效,现代研究认为其具抗肿瘤、抗病毒、调节免疫等确切药理作用。三叶青始载于清代吴其濬的植物学专著《植物名实图考》,但未明确其植物基原。《中国药典》至今未收录该药。近代学者鲜有对其进行系统考证,因而其植物基原为何物、何时得以明确、资源分布如何等一系列关键问题均未有定论。为此,该文通过查阅相关文献,梳理了三叶青的历史沿革,确定其植物基原,为葡萄科崖爬藤属崖爬藤亚属圆脐组植物三叶崖爬藤Tetrastigma hemsleyanum。文章全面叙述了三叶青同物异名、同名异物的现状,尝试分析了2种可能成因,并概括性归纳出三叶青资源自然分布情况,在我国长江以南所有省份及长江流经的大部分省份均有自然分布,但长江以北各地少见或未见。建议尽快将三叶青纳入相关行政管理范畴,并建议《中国药典》以三叶青名收录,明确葡萄科崖爬藤属三叶崖爬藤为其唯一植物基原。

Discrimination of Name and Nature of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is a peculiar precious herb of our country, and has been widely used in south China, especially in the Yangtze River basin. According to the traditional Chinese medicine, T. hemsleyanum has the effects in clearing heat and removing toxicity, circulating blood and relieving pain, and expelling wind and phlegm. On the basis of modern pharmacological studies, it has anti-tumor, anti-virus, immune regulation and other exact pharmacological effects. It was recorded firstly on Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao, which is a botany monograph written by Wu Qijun in the Qing dynasty, but its original plant was not clear. Until now, it has not been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Because modern scholars have rarely systematically studied on it, a series of key problems, such as the original plant primordial and the distribution of resources, have remained unclear. To solve them, this paper consulted 41 relevant literatures, summarized the origin and development of the plant, and determined the original plant of its plant was T. hemsleyanum of Tetrastigma from Vitaceae. This paper comprehensively described the different names of this herb, analyzed two possible reasons, and summarized the distribution of this herb. It is distributed mainly in all provinces in the south of the Yangtze River and most of the provinces through the Yangtze River, but rarely in the north of the Yangtze River. The paper suggested covering T. hemsleyanum within the scope of relevant administration, and including it in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under the name of Sanyeqing. T. hemsleyanum is clearly identified as it sole original plant.