65例煤矽肺患者肺功能4年随访观察

目的：探讨煤矽肺患者肺功能随时间推移的变化情况，并比较I、Ⅱ期矽肺病人肺功能损害变化情况。方法：监测65例煤矽肺患者4年中VC（肺活量）、FVC（用力肺活量）、FEV1（一秒钟用力呼气容积）、MMEF（最大呼气中期流速）、V50、V25（50％、25％肺活量时的最大呼气流量）的变化情况。结果：反应大气道功能的指标下降程度相对较轻。其中VC基本正常，FVC和FEV1在4年内呈轻度异常，并均逐年下降；反应小气道功能的MMEF、V50、V25在检测时已经明显下降，尤以V25为甚。并逐年下降；I、Ⅱ期矽肺病人肺通气功能各项指标测定值随矽肺类别的上升而下降，两组间有显著性差异。结论：矽肺患者的肺功能监测指标均低于正常，并呈进行性下降趋势；Ⅱ期矽肺病人肺通气功能较I期显著下降。

Observation on Lung Function of 65 Cases with Anthraco-silicosis Followed-up for 4 Years

Objectives:To investigate the changes of lung function of patients with anthraco-silicosis with the time and to compare the lung function damaged when the patients were at the first stage and they were at second stage.Methods:We observed the lung function of 65 patients with anthraco-silicosis for four years.The indicators measuring lung function included VC(vital capacity),FVC(forced vital capacity),FEV1(the first second forced expiratory volume),MMEF(maximal midexpiratory flow rate),V50(maximal expiratory flow in fifty percent vital capacity) and V25(maximal expiratory flow in twenty-five percent vital capacity).Results:The indicators that stand for big airway function decreased slightly,and VC was basically normal.FVC and FEV1 were slightly abnormal and decreasing year by year.But the indictors that stand for small airway such as MMEF,V50 and V25 decreased obviously,especially V25,and they were decreasing year by year.All indicators of lung ventilating functions were decreasing when the stage of silicosis was rising and there were significant differences between the two groups.Conclusions:All the indicators of silicosis are below the criterion and decreasing.Compared with the first stage,the ventilating function of patients with silicosis in the second stage is obviously decreasing.