兔股动脉狭窄的超声与病理对照研究

目的探讨高频超声在兔股动脉狭窄的应用价值。方法 24只新西兰兔随机分为三组,每组8只,制备兔股动脉硬化模型:股动脉球囊损伤后分别高脂喂养4周、8周、12周,取耳缘静脉血检测胆固醇水平的变化,采用18 MHz超高频超声探头观察股动脉的狭窄情况,测量造模处直径狭窄率、收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV),病理检测动脉管腔的面积狭窄率。结果 (1)随着高脂喂养时间的延长,血中胆固醇水平递增,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。(2)与造模前(0周)相比较,高脂喂养4周、8周、12周时股动脉造模处出现不同程度的狭窄,狭窄程度随时间延长逐渐增加,组间两两比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);狭窄处收缩期血流峰值流速随着狭窄程度的增加而加快,组间比较具有统计学意义(P0.001)。(3)随着高脂喂养时间的延长,病理组织的面积狭窄率增加,组间比较均具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 (1)高脂喂养加球囊损伤能造成不同程度的兔股动脉狭窄;(2)超高频超声能够清晰地显示不同程度的兔股动脉狭窄,可用于动物外周血管疾病模型的检测。

Comparative study of ultrasonography and pathology in rabbit femoral artery stenosis

Objective To explore the application value of ultra-high frequency ultrasound in detection of femoral artery stenosis in rabbits. Methods Twenty-four healthy male New Zealand white rabbits (body weight 2.5-3.0 kg) were randomly divided into three groups, 8 rabbits in each group. Preparation of femoral atherosclerosis model: the rabbits were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after femoral artery balloon injury, respectively. The changes of cholesterol level were observed. We used ultra-high frequency ultrasonic probe to observe the femoral artery, to assess the diameter stenosis rate and peak systolic velocity (SPV) at the symptomatic side, and the histological areal stenosis was evaluated. Results 1. The blood cholesterol levels were increased after fed high cholesterol diet, with a significant difference among the groups (P<0.001); 2. There was a stenosis to a different degree in the modeling artery after fed high cholesterol diet for 4 wks, 8 wks, and 12 wks, and the stenosis degree was increased gradually. At 12 w, the degree of stenosis was higher than that at 4 w and 8 w, respectively, showing statistical significance (P<0.001). At the symptomatic side, the peak systolic flow velocity was increased, and it was higher at 12 w than that at 4w and 8 w, respectively. 3. With the extension of time, the arterial stenosis rate was increased along with the time course (P<0.05). Conclusions 1. High fat diet combined with balloon injury can cause varying degrees of rabbit femoral artery stenosis; 2. Ultrahigh frequency ultrasound can clearly show different degrees of rabbit femoral artery stenosis, and can be used for detecting the lesions in animal models of peripheral vascular diseases.